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The worked-example effect suggests that learning by studying worked examples is more effective than problem solving, and a number of research studies have demonstrated this effect. Sweller and Cooper were not the first to use this form of instruction, but certainly they were the first to describe it from a cognitive load perspective.
The nominal group technique (NGT) is a group process involving problem identification, solution generation, and decision-making. [1] It can be used in groups of many sizes, who want to make their decision quickly, as by a vote, but want everyone's opinions taken into account (as opposed to traditional voting, where only the largest group is considered). [2]
The former is an example of simple problem solving (SPS) addressing one issue, whereas the latter is complex problem solving (CPS) with multiple interrelated obstacles. [1] Another classification of problem-solving tasks is into well-defined problems with specific obstacles and goals, and ill-defined problems in which the current situation is ...
In logic, mathematics and computer science, especially metalogic and computability theory, an effective method [1] or effective procedure is a procedure for solving a problem by any intuitively 'effective' means from a specific class. [2] An effective method is sometimes also called a mechanical method or procedure. [3]
In discussions of problem structuring methods, it is common to distinguish between two different types of situations that could be considered to be problems. [17] Rittel and Webber's distinction between tame problems and wicked problems (Rittel & Webber 1973) is a well known example of such types. [17]
The general group problem solving model (GGPS model) is a problem solving methodology, in which a group of individuals will define the desired outcome, identify the gap between the current state and the target and generate ideas for closing the gap by brainstorming. The result is list of actions needed to achieve the desired results.
It is outlined in his book A Practical Guide for Policy Analysis: The Eightfold Path to More Effective Problem Solving, which is now in its seventh edition. [2] The book is commonly referenced in public policy and public administration scholarship. [3] Bardach's procedure is as follows: Define the problem; Assemble the evidence; Construct the ...
Another view sees systems analysis as a problem-solving technique that breaks a system down into its component pieces and analyses how well those parts work and interact to accomplish their purpose. [1] The field of system analysis relates closely to requirements analysis or to operations research.