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The general definition of a qubit as the quantum state of a two-level quantum system.In quantum computing, a qubit (/ ˈ k juː b ɪ t /) or quantum bit is a basic unit of quantum information—the quantum version of the classic binary bit physically realized with a two-state device.
A logical qubit specifies how a single qubit should behave in a quantum algorithm, subject to quantum logic operations which can be built out of quantum logic gates. However, issues in current technologies preclude single two-state quantum systems , which can be used as physical qubits, from reliably encoding and retaining this information for ...
Just as the bit is the basic concept of classical information theory, the qubit is the fundamental unit of quantum information.The same term qubit is used to refer to an abstract mathematical model and to any physical system that is represented by that model.
Example: The qubit is measured, and the result of this measurement is a Boolean value, which is consumed by the classical computer. If ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } measures to 1, then the classical computer tells the quantum computer to apply the U gate on ψ {\displaystyle \psi } .
The qubit-qubit Ising coupling or Heisenberg interaction gates R xx, R yy and R zz are 2-qubit gates that are implemented natively in some trapped-ion quantum computers, using for example the Mølmer–Sørensen gate procedure. [17] [18]
Unlike classical digital states (which are discrete), a qubit is continuous-valued, describable by a direction on the Bloch sphere. Despite being continuously valued in this way, a qubit is the smallest possible unit of quantum information, and despite the qubit state being continuous-valued, it is impossible to measure the value precisely ...
An n-qubit (reversible) quantum gate is a unitary mapping U from the space H QB(n) of n-qubit registers onto itself. Typically, we are only interested in gates for small values of n . A reversible n -bit classical logic gate gives rise to a reversible n -bit quantum gate as follows: to each reversible n -bit logic gate f corresponds a quantum ...
Here are some examples of one-dimensional cluster states (d=1), for =,,, where is the number of qubits. We take κ a = 0 {\displaystyle \kappa _{a}=0} for all a {\displaystyle a} , which means the cluster state is the unique simultaneous eigenstate that has corresponding eigenvalue 1 under all correlation operators.