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Peirce divided metaphysics into (1) ontology or general metaphysics, (2) psychical or religious metaphysics, and (3) physical metaphysics. Henri Bergson (1859 – 1941) – French philosopher, influential especially in the first half of the 20th century. Bergson considered change to be the fundamental nature of reality.
Metaphysics is the study of the most general features of reality, including existence, objects and their properties, possibility and necessity, space and time, change, causation, and the relation between matter and mind. It is one of the oldest branches of philosophy. [1] [a]
He describes knowledge as a tree. The tree's roots are metaphysics, its trunk is physics, and its branches are all other sciences the principal of which are medicine, mechanics and morals. [1] [2] This image is often assumed to show Descartes' break with the past and with the categorization of knowledge of the schools. [3]
Vedanta philosophies discuss three fundamental metaphysical categories and the relations between the three. [14] [32] Brahman or Īśvara: the ultimate reality [33] Ātman or Jivātman: the individual soul, self [34] Prakriti or Jagat: the empirical world, ever-changing physical universe, body and matter [35]
Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that examines the fundamental nature of reality, including the relationship between mind and matter, ...
This is a list of metaphysicians, philosophers who specialize in metaphysics. See also Lists of philosophers . This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness.
Christian Wolff had theoretical philosophy divided into an ontology or philosophia prima as a general metaphysics, [44] which arises as a preliminary to the distinction of the three "special metaphysics" [45] on the soul, world and God: [46] [47] rational psychology, [48] [49] rational cosmology [50] and rational theology. [51]
Metaphysics (7 C, 8 P) Philosophy of mind (12 C, 7 P) P. Political philosophy (15 C, 142 P) R. Philosophy of religion (14 C, 98 P) S. ... Pages in category "Branches ...