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Gemcitabine, sold under the brand name Gemzar, among others, [1] is a chemotherapy medication used to treat cancers. [2] It is used to treat testicular cancer, [3] breast cancer, ovarian cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, and bladder cancer. [2] [4] It is administered by intravenous infusion. [2]
The standard of care for metastatic bladder cancer is combination treatment with the chemotherapy drugs cisplatin and gemcitabine. [29] The average person on this combination survives around a year, though 15% experience remission, with survival over five years.
The majority of drugs used in cancer chemotherapy are cytostatic, many via cytotoxicity. A fundamental philosophy of medical oncology , including combination chemotherapy, is that different drugs work through different mechanisms, and that the results of using multiple drugs will be synergistic to some extent.
Cisplatin is a type of chemotherapy drug used alone or in combination with other drugs to treat several advanced forms of cancer, including bladder, ovarian and testicular cancer. The FDA last ...
Cisplatin and gemcitabine treatment may be associated with less severe side effects. [5] Up to half of people with bladder cancer are not able to take these chemotherapy treatments due to their overall health. Taxanes or vinflunine have been used as second-line therapy (after progression on a platinum containing chemotherapy). [16]
Cisplatin is administered intravenously as short-term infusion in normal saline for treatment of solid and haematological malignancies. It is used to treat various types of cancers, including sarcomas, some carcinomas (e.g., small cell lung cancer, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and ovarian cancer), lymphomas, bladder cancer, cervical cancer, [9] and germ cell tumors.
Cisplatin was the first to be developed. [9] Cisplatin is particularly effective against testicular cancer; the cure rate was improved from 10% to 85%. [10] Similarly, the addition of cisplatin to adjuvant chemotherapy led to a marked increase in disease-free survival rates for patients with medulloblastoma - again, up to around 85%.
Cancer cells can also cause defects in the cellular pathways of apoptosis (programmed cell death). As most chemotherapy drugs kill cancer cells in this manner, defective apoptosis allows survival of these cells, making them resistant. Many chemotherapy drugs also cause DNA damage, which can be repaired by enzymes in the cell that carry out DNA ...
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