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Dental caries result when the demineralization rate is faster than the remineralization, producing net mineral loss, which occurs when there is an ecologic shift within the dental biofilm from a balanced population of microorganisms to a population that produces acids and can survive in an acid environment. [75]
Secondary [clarification needed] symptoms of periapical cysts include inflammation and infection of the pulp causing dental caries. This infection is what causes necrosis of the pulp. [4] Larger cysts may cause bone expansion or displace roots. Discoloration of the affected tooth may also occur.
Pulpitis is inflammation of dental pulp tissue. The pulp contains the blood vessels, the nerves, and connective tissue inside a tooth and provides the tooth's blood and nutrients. Pulpitis is mainly caused by bacterial infection which itself is a secondary development of caries (tooth decay). It manifests itself in the form of a toothache. [1]
Dental caries, dental trauma, dental procedures, [3] professional misconduct [4] Diagnostic method: Apical Radiolucencies, Apical Radiopacities [5] Treatment: Root canal treatment, [1] periradicular surgery, [6] retrograde root canal treatment [7] Medication: Antibiotic in case of a sudden onset of symptoms in less than 24 hours. [8]
A dental abscess is a localized collection of pus associated with a tooth. The most common type of dental abscess is a periapical abscess , and the second most common is a periodontal abscess . In a periapical abscess, usually the origin is a bacterial infection that has accumulated in the soft, often dead, pulp of the tooth.
They include dental infection, dental abscess, and Ludwig's angina. Mouth infections typically originate from dental caries at the root of molars and premolars that spread to adjacent structures. In otherwise healthy patients, removing the offending tooth to allow drainage will usually resolve the infection.
Since dental caries associated with pulpitis is the most common cause, toothache is more common in populations that are at higher risk of dental caries. The prevalence of caries in a population is dependent upon factors such as diet (refined sugars), socioeconomic status, and exposure to fluoride (such as areas without water fluoridation).
The most common causes for odontogenic infection to be established are dental caries, deep fillings, failed root canal treatments, periodontal disease, and pericoronitis. [2] Odontogenic infection starts as localised infection and may remain localised to the region where it started, or spread into adjacent or distant areas.