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The hydroxide ion is intermediate in nucleophilicity between the fluoride ion F −, and the amide ion NH − 2. [51] Ester hydrolysis under alkaline conditions (also known as base hydrolysis) R 1 C(O)OR 2 + OH − ⇌ R 1 CO(O)H + − OR 2 ⇌ R 1 CO 2 − + HOR 2. is an example of a hydroxide ion serving as a nucleophile. [52]
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Toggle Examples subsection. 1.1 Alkali metal hydroxides. ... In chemistry, metal hydroxides are a family of compounds of the form M n+ (OH) n, where M is a metal.
For example, if sodium is the alkali metal: 2 Na + 2 H 2 O → 2 NaOH + H 2 Sodium hydroxide is an important industrial chemical, where it is produced by the chloralkali process .
Sodium hydroxide, also known as lye and caustic soda, [1] [2] is an inorganic compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white solid ionic compound consisting of sodium cations Na + and hydroxide anions OH −. Sodium hydroxide is a highly corrosive base and alkali that decomposes lipids and proteins at ambient temperatures and may cause severe ...
Ammonium hydroxide – [NH 4]OH [49] Ammonium nitrate – [NH 4]NO 3 [50] Ammonium orthomolybdate – [NH 4] 2 MoO 4; Ammonium sulfamate – [NH 4]SO 3 NH 2 [51] Ammonium sulfide – [NH 4] 2 S; Ammonium sulfite – [NH 4] 2 SO 3 [52] Ammonium sulfate – [NH 4] 2 SO 4 [53] Ammonium perchlorate – [NH 4]ClO 4 [54] Ammonium permanganate – [NH ...
Many metals (such as zinc, tin, lead, aluminium, and beryllium) form amphoteric oxides or hydroxides. Aluminium oxide (Al 2 O 3) is an example of an amphoteric oxide. Amphoterism depends on the oxidation states of the oxide. Amphoteric oxides include lead(II) oxide and zinc oxide, among many others. [2]
Alkali salts are soluble hydroxides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, of which common examples are: Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) – often called "caustic soda" Potassium hydroxide (KOH) – commonly called "caustic potash" Lye – generic term for either of two previous salts or their mixture