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Later 2G releases in the GSM space, often referred to as 2.5G and 2.75G, include General Packet Radio Service and Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution . GPRS allows 2G networks to achieve a theoretical maximum transfer speed of 40 kbit/s (5 kB/s). EDGE increases this capacity, providing a theoretical maximum transfer speed of 384 kbit/s (48 kB/s).
2G (or 2-G) provides three primary benefits over their predecessors: phone conversations are digitally encrypted; 2G systems are significantly more efficient on the spectrum allowing for far greater mobile phone penetration levels; and 2G introduced data services for mobile, starting with SMS (Short Message Service) plain text-based messages. 2G technologies enable the various mobile phone ...
4G (4G/4.5G, 4.5G, 4.9G) 5G (5.25G, ... (GPRS), also called 2.5G, is a mobile data standard on the 2G cellular communication network's global system for mobile ...
Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), also known as 2.75G and under various other names, is a 2G digital mobile phone technology for packet switched data transmission. It is a subset of General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) on the GSM network and improves upon it offering speeds close to 3G technology, hence the name 2.75G.
4G: OFDMA: LTE: Digital: 2009 Worldwide SIM card: None Smaller cells and lower coverage on the S band. Very low density Hard No (data only) Voice possible through VoLTE or fallback to 2G/3G 5G: OFDMA: NR: Digital: 2018 Limited SIM card: None Dense cells on millimeter waves. Very low density Hard No (data only) Voice possible through VoNR
Typical 2G standards include GSM and IS-95 with extensions via GPRS, EDGE and 1xRTT, providing Internet access to users of originally voice centric 2G networks. Both EDGE and 1xRTT are 3G standards, as defined by the ITU, but are usually marketed as 2.9G due to their comparatively low speeds and high delays when compared to true 3G technologies.
In 4G systems, the circuit-switched infrastructure is abandoned and only a packet-switched network is provided, while 2.5G and 3G systems require both packet-switched and circuit-switched network nodes, i.e. two infrastructures in parallel. This means that in 4G traditional voice calls are replaced by IP telephony.
GSM and related 2G and 2.5G standards, including GPRS and EDGE; UMTS and related 3G standards, including HSPA and HSPA+; LTE and related 4G standards, including LTE Advanced and LTE Advanced Pro; 5G NR and related 5G standards, including 5G-Advanced; An evolved IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) developed in an access independent manner