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This spelling rule does not have a great deal of effect on actual Russian pronunciation, because when unstressed, the vowels о and е are weakened to a very weak sound like the schwa. Note that this rule relates to the fact that stressed о after ж, ц, ч, ш and щ is pronounced the same as the always-stressed letter ё after the same letters.
Russian spelling, which is mostly phonemic in practice, is a mix of morphological and phonetic principles, with a few etymological or historic forms, and occasional grammatical differentiation. The punctuation, originally based on Byzantine Greek , was in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries reformulated on the models of French and German ...
The rules it lays down have been criticised for incompleteness in some cases. In particular, the spellings of such words as maître (мэтр, metr ) or racket (рэкет, reket ) are given with " э ", whereas in other rules there are three fixed words in which a hard consonant is followed by "э": peer (пэр, per ), mayor (мэр, mer ...
His fusion of the morphological, phonetic, and historic principles of Russian orthography remains valid to this day, though both the Russian alphabet and the writing of many individual words have been altered through a complicated but extremely consistent system of spelling rules that tell which of two vowels to use under all conditions. [3]
[3] The most popular view among linguists (and the one taken up in this article) is that of the Moscow school, [2] though Russian pedagogy has typically taught that there are six vowels (the term phoneme is not used). [4] Reconstructions of Proto-Slavic show that *i and *y (which correspond to [i] and [ɨ]) were separate phonemes.
The attack by Russian forces on the Zaporizhzhia nuclear site in Ukraine has been widely condemned. The UK’s permanent representative to the UN Dame Barbara Woodward suggested the action might ...
’Tis an important spelling rule to remember! Confusing “you’re” and “your” OK, this one isn’t holiday-exclusive, but it is still a common issue in Christmas cards.
The Cyrillic alphabet and Russian spelling generally employ fewer diacritics than those used in other European languages written with the Latin alphabet. The only diacritic, in the proper sense, is the acute accent ́ (Russian: знак ударения 'mark of stress'), which marks stress on a vowel, as it is done in Spanish and Greek.