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The railway companies became persuaded that the traditional bullhead forms of track needed revision, and after some experimentation a new flat bottom rail format was adopted. The British Standard sections were unsuitable and a new profile, a 109 lb/yd (54 kg/m) rail, was made the new standard.
Bullhead rail was the standard for the British railway system from the mid-19th until the mid-20th century. In 1954, bullhead rail was used on 449 miles (723 km) of new track and flat-bottom rail on 923 miles (1,485 km). [13] One of the first British Standards, BS 9, was for bullhead rail, which was originally published in 1905, and revised in ...
A railway track (CwthE and UIC terminology) or railroad track (NAmE), also known as permanent way (CwthE) [1] or "P Way" (BrE [2] and Indian English), is the structure on a railway or railroad consisting of the rails, fasteners, sleepers (railroad ties in American English) and ballast (or slab track), plus the underlying subgrade.
In the 1830s Robert L. Stevens invented the flanged 'tee' rail (actually a distorted I beam), which had a flat bottom and required no chair; a similar design was the contemporary bridge rail (of inverted U section with a bottom flange and laid on longitudinal sleepers); these rails were initially nailed directly to the sleeper. [4]
Rack railway track on the Panoramique des Dômes using the Strub system rack. The Strub rack system was invented by Emil Strub in 1896. It uses a rolled flat-bottom rail with rack teeth machined into the head approximately 100 mm (3.9 inches) apart.
Tramway track is used on tramways or light rail operations. As with standard rail tracks, tram tracks have two parallel steel rails, the distance between the heads of the rails being the track gauge. When there is no need for pedestrians or road vehicles to traverse the track, conventional flat-bottom rail is used.
Track relaying, using 30-foot section flat-bottom steel rail (BS 30 m) secured by Pandrol clips, [5] was well-underway in September 1989, with one-and-a-half miles of the track relaid and claims that the new railway would create about 60 jobs. [8]
Most of the track is on-street using 35G-section grooved tram rail, with BS11-80A 80 lb/yd (39.7 kg/m) flat-bottom rail elsewhere. [43] The railway track was supplied by British Steel Corporation Track Products of Workington and laid on sleepers consisting of concrete blocks with steel ties which gives a spring feeling when travelling on these ...