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One of the most important factors used to determine the clinical suspicion of malignancy of an adnexal mass is the sonographic appearance of the mass. [2] Indications that the mass is at a higher risk of being malignant include the presence of loculations, nodules, papillary structures, septations, or a size greater than 10 cm. [3] [4]
Large cysts can lead to torsion of the adnexa inflicting acute pain. [3] [4] Prior to surgery, PTCs are usually seen on ultrasonography. However, because of the proximity of the ovary that may display follicle cysts, it may be a challenge to identify a cyst as paratubal or paraovarian. [5]
Ovarian torsion (OT) or adnexal torsion is an abnormal condition where an ovary twists on its attachment to other structures, such that blood flow is decreased. [3] [4] Symptoms typically include pelvic pain on one side. [2] [5] While classically the pain is sudden in onset, this is not always the case. [2] Other symptoms may include nausea. [2]
Large cysts that cause problems occur in about 8% of women before menopause. [1] Ovarian cysts are present in about 16% of women after menopause, and have a higher risk of being cancer than in younger women. [1] [4] If a cyst appears benign during diagnosis, then it has a less than 1% chance of being either cancer or borderline malignant. [11]
A dermoid cyst is a teratoma of a cystic nature that contains an array of developmentally mature, solid tissues. It frequently consists of skin, hair follicles, and sweat glands, while other commonly found components include clumps of long hair, pockets of sebum, blood, fat, bone, nail, teeth, eyes, cartilage, and thyroid tissue.
Biliary cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma constitute less than 5% of intrahepatic cysts originating from the bile duct. [6] Cystadenomas in liver are often confused with hydatid cyst as their appearance on various imaging techniques is nearly same. [7] Treating cystadenomas as hydatid cyst has resulted in recurrence of the cyst. [7]
Corpus luteum cysts are a normal part of the menstrual cycle. They can, however, grow to almost 10 cm (3.9 in) in diameter and have the potential to bleed into themselves or twist the ovary, causing pelvic or abdominal pain. It is possible the cyst may rupture, causing internal bleeding and pain. This pain typically disappears within a few days ...
[3]: 103 Ultrasonography is a sensitive enough imaging tool that it can accurately differentiate between pregnancy, hemorrhagic ovarian cysts, endometriosis, ovarian torsion, and tubo-ovarian abscess. Its availability, the relative advancement in the training of its use, its low cost, and because it does not expose the woman (or fetus) to ...