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Mechanical index (MI) is a unitless ultrasound metric. It is defined as [1] =, where P r is the peak rarefaction pressure of the ultrasound wave , derated by an attenuation factor to account for in-tissue acoustic attenuation; f c is the center frequency of the ultrasound pulse .
Ultrasound attenuation spectroscopy is a method for characterizing properties of fluids and dispersed particles. It is also known as acoustic spectroscopy. There is an international standard for this method. [1] [2] Measurement of attenuation coefficient versus ultrasound frequency yields
Attenuation coefficients are used to quantify different media according to how strongly the transmitted ultrasound amplitude decreases as a function of frequency. The attenuation coefficient ( α {\displaystyle \alpha } ) can be used to determine total attenuation in dB in the medium using the following formula:
The attenuation coefficient of a volume, denoted μ, is defined as [6] =, where Φ e is the radiant flux;; z is the path length of the beam.; Note that for an attenuation coefficient which does not vary with z, this equation is solved along a line from =0 to as:
Ultrasound transmission tomography (UTT) is a form of tomography involving ultrasound. [1]Like X-ray tomography, the attenuation of the ultrasound as it passes through the object can be measured, but since the speed of sound is so much lower than the speed of light, the delay as it passes through the object can also be measured, allowing estimation of both the attenuation coefficient and the ...
The first efforts to use ultrasonic testing to detect flaws in solid material occurred in the 1930s. [1] On May 27, 1940, U.S. researcher Dr. Floyd Firestone of the University of Michigan applies for a U.S. invention patent for the first practical ultrasonic testing method.
absorption coefficient is essentially (but not quite always) synonymous with attenuation coefficient; see attenuation coefficient for details; molar absorption coefficient or molar extinction coefficient , also called molar absorptivity , is the attenuation coefficient divided by molarity (and usually multiplied by ln(10), i.e., decadic); see ...
Ultrasound attenuation spectroscopy, instead of energy, the attenuation coefficient is measured versus frequency Acoustic resonance spectroscopy , using forced vibrations to excite multiple normal modes to obtain a resonance spectrum