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  2. x86 calling conventions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86_calling_conventions

    Plain old data (POD) return values 32 bits or smaller are in the EAX register; POD return values 33–64 bits in size are returned via the EAX:EDX registers. Non-POD return values or values larger than 64-bits, the calling code will allocate space and passes a pointer to this space via a hidden parameter on the stack.

  3. Calling convention - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calling_convention

    For example, on 32-bit Windows, operating system calls have the stdcall calling convention, whereas many C programs that run there use the cdecl calling convention. To accommodate these differences in calling convention, compilers often permit keywords that specify the calling convention for a given function.

  4. Application binary interface - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_binary_interface

    How an application should make system calls to the operating system, and if the ABI specifies direct system calls rather than procedure calls to system call stubs, the system call numbers In the case of a complete operating system ABI, the binary format of object files , program libraries, etc.

  5. Bitwise operations in C - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operations_in_C

    However, do note that a shift operand value which is either a negative number or is greater than or equal to the total number of bits in this value results in undefined behavior. This is defined in the standard at ISO 9899:2011 6.5.7 Bit-wise shift operators .

  6. Bitwise operation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation

    The value of n >>> s is n right-shifted s bit positions with zero-extension. In bit and shift operations, the type byte is implicitly converted to int. If the byte value is negative, the highest bit is one, then ones are used to fill up the extra bytes in the int. So byte b1 =-5; int i = b1 | 0x0200; will result in i == -5.

  7. Integer (computer science) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer_(computer_science)

    The internal representation of this datum is the way the value is stored in the computer's memory. Unlike mathematical integers, a typical datum in a computer has some minimal and maximum possible value. The most common representation of a positive integer is a string of bits, using the binary numeral system.

  8. Position-independent code - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Position-independent_code

    The procedure call uses an indirect pointer pair [11] with a flag to cause a trap on the first call so that the dynamic linkage mechanism can add the new procedure and its linkage segment to the Known Segment Table (KST), construct a new linkage segment, put their segment numbers in the caller's linkage section and reset the flag in the ...

  9. Conditional operator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional_operator

    expression 1, expression 2: Expressions with values of any type. If the condition is evaluated to true, the expression 1 will be evaluated. If the condition is evaluated to false, the expression 2 will be evaluated. It should be read as: "If condition is true, assign the value of expression 1 to result.