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The Dow process is a method of phenol production through the hydrolysis of chlorobenzene. Details. Benzene can be easily converted to chlorobenzene by nucleophilic ...
The Dow process may refer to: Dow process (bromine), a method of bromine extraction from brine; Dow process (magnesium), a method of magnesium extraction from brine; Dow process (phenol), a method of phenol production through the hydrolysis of chlorobenzene
At one time, chlorobenzene was the main precursor for the manufacture of phenol: [10] C 6 H 5 Cl + NaOH → C 6 H 5 OH + NaCl. The reaction is known as the Dow process, with the reaction carried out at 350 °C using fused sodium hydroxide without solvent.
Chlorobenzene can be hydrolyzed to phenol using base (Dow process) or steam (Raschig–Hooker process): [24] [25] [29] C 6 H 5 Cl + NaOH → C 6 H 5 OH + NaCl C 6 H 5 Cl + H 2 O → C 6 H 5 OH + HCl. These methods suffer from the cost of the chlorobenzene and the need to dispose of the chloride byproduct.
At the time, phenol was obtained from coal as a co-product of coke ovens and the manufacture of gas for gas lighting. Laclede Gas reports being asked to expand production of phenol (and toluene) to assist the war effort. [16] Both Monsanto [17] and Dow Chemical [18] began manufacturing synthetic phenol in 1915, with Dow being the main producer ...
The Raschig–Hooker process's ability to make phenol makes it comparable to other methods, such as the Dow and Bayer process, which also converts benzene into phenol. In fact, the ability to recycle the hydrogen chloride made the Raschig–Hooker process preferable to the Dow and Bayer process, which requires its sodium chloride product to be ...
A list by process: Alberger process, Grainer evaporation process – produces salt from brine; Bacterial oxidation – used to produce gold; Bayer process – the extraction of aluminium from ore; Chloralkali process, Weldon process – for producing chlorine and sodium hydroxide; Dow process – produces bromine from brine
Herbert Henry Dow (February 26, 1866 – October 15, 1930) was an American chemical industrialist who founded the American multinational conglomerate Dow Chemical.A graduate of the Case School of Applied Science in Cleveland, Ohio, he was a prolific inventor of chemical processes, compounds, and products, notably bromine extraction from sea water, and was a successful businessman.
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