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According to Aaron Beck's cognitive model, a negative outlook on reality, sometimes called negative schemas (or schemata), is a factor in symptoms of emotional dysfunction and poorer subjective well-being. Specifically, negative thinking patterns reinforce negative emotions and thoughts. [2]
Beck suggests that people with negative self-schemata are liable to interpret information presented to them in a negative manner, leading to the cognitive distortions outlined above. The pessimistic explanatory style , which describes the way in which depressed or neurotic people react negatively to certain events, is an example of the effect ...
Research shows replacing negative thoughts with positive thoughts can help reduce stress and anxiety while encouraging a more positive mindset. It has a psychological fake-it-till-you-make-it effect.
The Automatic Thought Questionnaire 30 (ATQ 30) is a scientific questionnaire created by Steven D. Hollon and Phillip C. Kendall that measures automatic negative thoughts. . The ATQ 30 consists of 30 negative statements and asks participants to indicate how often they experienced the negative thought during the course of the week on a scale of 1–5 (1=Low-High=
Cognitive bias mitigation – Reduction of the negative effects of cognitive biases Cognitive bias modification – process of modifying cognitive biases in healthy people or growing area of psychological therapies for cognitive bias modification therapy Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
The tendency to be over-optimistic, underestimating greatly the probability of undesirable outcomes and overestimating favorable and pleasing outcomes (see also wishful thinking, valence effect, positive outcome bias, and compare pessimism bias). [108] [109] Ostrich effect: Ignoring an obvious negative situation. Outcome bias
[81] [8] [69] For example, when the person becomes aware of a negative thinking process, they may try to inhibit it and direct their attention to more positive outcomes. [69] A similar approach is used in cognitive behavioral therapy. A central idea in this field is that a set of negative core beliefs is responsible for negative self-talk.
The negativity bias, [1] also known as the negativity effect, is a cognitive bias that, even when positive or neutral things of equal intensity occur, things of a more negative nature (e.g. unpleasant thoughts, emotions, or social interactions; harmful/traumatic events) have a greater effect on one's psychological state and processes than neutral or positive things.