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In psychology, negative affectivity (NA), or negative affect, is a personality variable that involves the experience of negative emotions and poor self-concept. [1] Negative affectivity subsumes a variety of negative emotions, including anger , contempt , disgust , guilt , fear , [ 2 ] and nervousness .
The negativity bias, [1] also known as the negativity effect, is a cognitive bias that, even when positive or neutral things of equal intensity occur, things of a more negative nature (e.g. unpleasant thoughts, emotions, or social interactions; harmful/traumatic events) have a greater effect on one's psychological state and processes than neutral or positive things.
The most commonly used measure in scholarly research is the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). [27] The PANAS is a lexical measure developed in a North American setting and consisting of 20 single-word items, for instance excited, alert, determined for positive affect, and upset, guilty, and jittery for negative affect. However ...
39. "You cannot expect to live a positive life if you hang with negative people." –Joel Osteen. 40. "Stop letting people who do so little for you control so much of your mind, feelings, and ...
The negative evaluation of the person may involve criticizing their actions, efforts or characteristics. [1] Social undermining is seen in relationships between family members, friends, personal relationships and co-workers. Social undermining can affect a person's mental health, including an increase in depressive symptoms.
In the decades prior to this work, it was thought that negative affect led to a narrowing of cognitive scope and that positive affect led to a broadening of cognitive scope. However, Harmon-Jones and colleagues' research revealed that motivational intensity, regardless of affective valence, was a more accurate determinant of cognitive scope.
However, PANAS-X not only measures general positive and negative affect, but also four basic negative emotions (fear, hostility, guilt, and sadness), three basic positive emotions (joviality, self-assurance, and attentiveness), and four more complex affective states (shyness, fatigue, serenity, and surprise).
The fading affect bias, more commonly known as FAB, is a psychological phenomenon in which memories associated with negative emotions tend to be forgotten more quickly than those associated with positive emotions. [1] FAB only refers to the feelings one has associated with the memories and not the content of the memories themselves. [2]