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Social accounting (also known as social accounting and auditing, social accountability, social and environmental accounting, corporate social reporting, corporate social responsibility reporting, non-financial reporting or accounting) is the process of communicating the social and environmental effects of organizations' economic actions to particular interest groups within society and to ...
"Social auditing" Social Accounting and audit is a comprehensive triple bottom line planning and measurement method. [1]Social accounting and audit uses quantitative analysis of planned and actual measurement, ratio analysis for comparing trends over time, and qualitative analysis of constant comparison using ‘coding’ and ‘categorizing’ so that responses can be made and measured.
Sustainability accounting (also known as social accounting, social and environmental accounting, corporate social reporting, corporate social responsibility reporting, or non-financial reporting) originated in the 1970s [1] and is considered a subcategory of financial accounting that focuses on the disclosure of non-financial information about a firm's performance to external stakeholders ...
A social accounting matrix (SAM) represents flows of all economic transactions that take place within an economy (regional or national). It is at the core, a matrix representation of the national accounts for a given country, but can be extended to include non-national accounting flows, and created for whole regions or area.
While sharing many common principles with business accounting, national accounts are based on economic concepts. [3] One conceptual construct for representing flows of all economic transactions that take place in an economy is a social accounting matrix with accounts in each respective row-column entry. [4]
The triple bottom line (or otherwise noted as TBL or 3BL) is an accounting framework with three parts: social, environmental (or ecological) and economic. Some organizations have adopted the TBL framework to evaluate their performance in a broader perspective to create greater business value. [ 1 ]
Moreover, the social pillar is difficult to measure because it relies on social aspects that are empirically limited and quantifiable, e.g. it refers to notions such as well-being, and discrimination which needs a deep understanding with a detailed analysis. To conclude, assessing the real effects of the social pillar is very tough. [75]
Social Accountability 8000 (SA 8000) is an international standard for social accountability management systems. It was developed in 1997 by Social Accountability International, formerly the Council on Economic Priorities, by an advisory board consisting of trade unions , NGOs , civil society organizations and companies. [ 1 ]