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Silicon nanowires exhibit a distinct and useful self-limiting oxidation behaviour whereby oxidation effectively ceases due to diffusion limitations, which can be modeled. [1] This phenomenon allows accurate control of dimensions and aspect ratios in SiNWs and has been used to obtain high aspect ratio SiNWs with diameters below 5 nm. [ 19 ]
Silicon nanowires have a theoretical capacity of roughly 4,200 mAh g −1, larger than that of other forms of silicon and much larger than that of graphite (372 mAh g −1). [3] Like graphite anodes, silicon anodes form passivation layers (solid-electrolyte interphases) on their surfaces during the first charge cycle. Coating silicon nanowires ...
However, the large volume change of the nanowires can still pose a fading problem. Other studies examined the potential of silicon nanoparticles. Anodes that use silicon nanoparticles may overcome the price and scale barriers of nanowire batteries, while offering more mechanical stability over cycling compared to other silicon electrodes. [32]
A nanowire is a nanostructure in the form of a wire with the diameter of the order of a nanometre (10 −9 m). More generally, nanowires can be defined as structures that have a thickness or diameter constrained to tens of nanometers or less and an unconstrained length.
Research is ongoing to use nanowires and other nanostructured materials with the hope to create cheaper and more efficient solar cells than are possible with conventional planar silicon solar cells. [14] It is believed that the invention of more efficient solar energy would have a great effect on satisfying global energy needs.
Nanowire lasers can be grown site-selectively on Si/SOI wafers with conventional MBE techniques, allowing for pristine structural quality without defects. Nanowire lasers using the group-III nitride and ZnO materials systems have been demonstrated to emit in the visible and ultraviolet, however infrared at the 1.3–1.55 μm is important for telecommunication bands. [3]
Nanowires based on silicon and manganese can be synthesised from Mn(CO) 5 SiCl 3 forming nanowires based on Mn 19 Si 33. [14] or grown on a silicon surface [15] [16] [17] MnSi 1.73 was investigated as thermoelectric material [18] and as an optoelectronic thin film. [19] Single-crystal MnSi 1.73 can form from a tin-lead melt [20]
Silicon nanotubes and silicon nanowires can be used in lithium-ion batteries. Conventional Li-ion batteries use graphitic carbon as the anode, but replacing this with silicon nanotubes experimentally increases the specific (by mass) anode capacity by a factor of 10 (though the overall capacity improvement is lower due to the far lower specific ...
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