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Cybernetics: Or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine is a book written by Norbert Wiener and published in 1948. [1] It is the first public usage of the term "cybernetics" to refer to self-regulating mechanisms.
Norbert Wiener (November 26, 1894 – March 18, 1964) was an American computer scientist, mathematician and philosopher.He became a professor of mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology ().
According to Norbert Wiener, the word cybernetics was coined by a research group involving himself and Arturo Rosenblueth in the summer of 1947. [12] It has been attested in print since at least 1948 through Wiener's book Cybernetics: Or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine. [note 1] In the book, Wiener states:
The American Society for Cybernetics (ASC) is a research association founded in 1964, the same year Wiener died, and is dedicated to the cooperative understanding and further improvement of cybernetics theory. The Human Use of Human Beings was translated to French in 1950 as Cybernétique et société (Paris : 10/18).
In Wiener's Cybernetics (1948), he recounted an event in the spring of 1947, when McCulloch designed a machine to allow the blind to read, by converting printed letters to tones. He designed it so that the tone is invariant for the same letter viewed under different angles.
The year 1948 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below. ... First publication of Norbert Wiener's Cybernetics: ...
The title of his book An Introduction to Cybernetics popularised the usage of the term 'cybernetics' to refer to self-regulating systems, originally coined by Norbert Wiener in Cybernetics. The book gave accounts of homeostasis , adaptation , memory and foresight in living organisms in Ashby's determinist, mechanist terms.
He published "Cybernetics" in 1948, which influenced artificial intelligence. Wiener also compared computation, computing machinery, memory devices, and other cognitive similarities with his analysis of brain waves. [63] John von Neumann (1903–1957) introduced the computer architecture known as Von Neumann architecture