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The fracture is usually transverse or oblique and above the medial and lateral condyles and epicondyles. This fracture pattern is relatively rare in adults, but is the most common type of elbow fracture in children. [1] In children, many of these fractures are non-displaced and can be treated with casting.
It can be either non-comminuted ones (Type IIA) or comminuted (Type IIB). Type III: Displaced unstable fracture – In this case, the fracture fragments are displaced and the forearm is unstable in relation to the humerus. It is a fracture -dislocation. It also may be either non-comminuted (Type IIIA) or comminuted (Type IIIB).
If the fracture is displaced, surgical management is the proper treatment. If the instability risk of the wrist is more than 70%, then surgical management is required. 43% of displaced fractures will be unstable within the first two weeks and 47% of the remaining unstable fractures will become unstable after two weeks.
A bone fracture (abbreviated FRX or Fx, F x, or #) is a medical condition in which there is a partial or complete break in the continuity of any bone in the body. In more severe cases, the bone may be broken into several fragments, known as a comminuted fracture. [1]
Transverse fractures may extend into the orbital roofs or the ethmoid plate, causing periorbital hemorrhage or extensive nasal bleeding, respectively. A fracture through the sella can lead to profuse blood aspiration. A common mechanism for transverse fractures is a sharp blow to the chin, such as a fall onto a hard surface.
Salter–Harris Fracture Types. There are nine types of Salter–Harris fractures; types I to V as described by Robert B. Salter and William H. Harris in 1963, [3] and the rarer types VI to IX which have been added subsequently: [5] Type I – transverse fracture through the growth plate (also referred to as the "physis"): [6] 6% incidence
Fractures with displacement require surgery consisting of fracture reduction with miniplates, microplates and screws. Gillie's approach is used for depressed zygomatic fractures. [5] The prognosis of tripod fractures is generally good. In some cases there may be persistent post-surgical facial asymmetry, which can require further treatment. [6]
Colles fracture of the left hand, with posterior displacement clearly visible. Diagnosis can be made upon interpretation of anteroposterior and lateral views alone. [7] The classic Colles fracture has the following characteristics: [8] Transverse fracture of the radius; 2.5 cm (0.98 inches) proximal to the radio-carpal joint