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Two-level utilitarianism is virtually a synthesis of the opposing doctrines of act utilitarianism and rule utilitarianism. Act utilitarianism states that in all cases the morally right action is the one which produces the most well-being, whereas rule utilitarianism states that the morally right action is the one that is in accordance with a ...
It can be considered as a version of utilitarianism that gives greater priority to reducing suffering (negative utility or "disutility") than to increasing pleasure (positive utility). [1] This differs from classical utilitarianism, which does not claim that reducing suffering is intrinsically more important than increasing happiness.
The best action is the one that procures the greatest happiness of the greatest numbers, and the worst is the one that causes the most misery. In the first three editions of the book, Hutcheson included various mathematical algorithms "to compute the Morality of any Actions." In doing so, he pre-figured the hedonic calculus of Bentham.
The demandingness objection is a common [1] [2] argument raised against utilitarianism and other consequentialist ethical theories. The consequentialist requirement that we maximize the good impartially seems to this objection to require us to perform acts that we would normally consider optional.
On Liberty and The Subjection of Women (ISBN 0-141-44147-X) The Basic Writings of John Stuart Mill On Liberty, The Subjection of Women & Utilitarianism (ISBN 0-375-75918-2) All Minus One: John Stuart Mill’s Ideas on Free Speech Illustrated (ISBN 978-0-692-06831-1), a condensed and illustrated version of Chapter 2 of On Liberty designed for ...
The HuffPost/YouGov poll consisted of 3,000 completed interviews conducted May 8 to 29 among U.S. adults, including 124 women who are childless and reported not wanting children in the future. It was conducted using a sample selected from YouGov's opt-in online panel to match the demographics and other characteristics of the adult U.S. population.
Utilitarianism is an 1861 essay written by English philosopher and economist John Stuart Mill, considered to be a classic exposition and defense of utilitarianism in ethics. It was originally published as a series of three separate articles in Fraser's Magazine in 1861 before it was collected and reprinted as a single work in 1863. [ 1 ]
EoC is one of a cluster of normative ethical theories that were developed by some feminists and environmentalists since the 1980s. [1] While consequentialist and deontological ethical theories emphasize generalizable standards and impartiality, ethics of care emphasize the importance of response to the individual.