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Both α 1 blockers and α 2 blockers have been examined to treat Raynaud's disease. Although α 1 blockers, such as prazosin , have appeared to give slight improvement for the sclerotic symptoms of Raynaud's disease, there are many side effects that occur while taking this drug.
The first beta blocker, propranolol, was introduced in the early 1960s by the winner of The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1988- Sir James W. Black. [23] The drug was originally developed in order to induce a calm effect on the heart by blocking the beta receptor for adrenaline, treating a range of cardiovascular disorders .
Non-selective beta blockers In some cases, exacerbation of asthma or COPD , and erectile dysfunction are also reported. [ 10 ] For examples, certain non-selective beta blockers, such as carvedilol , can cause edema , and sotalol can block potassium channels in the heart, leading to QT prolongation and an increased risk of torsades de pointes .
2 Contraindications. 3 Side ... It is a 5–10× more potent beta blocker than ... congestive heart failure, depression, confusion, worsening of Raynaud's syndrome ...
It is lipid soluble and also has sodium channel-blocking effects. Propranolol is a non-selective β-adrenergic receptor antagonist, or beta blocker; [61] that is, it blocks the action of epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) at both β 1-and β 2-adrenergic receptors.
Beta blockers vary in their lipophilicity (fat solubility) and in turn in their ability to cross the blood–brain barrier and exert effects in the central nervous system. [76] Beta blockers with greater blood–brain barrier permeability can have both neuropsychiatric therapeutic benefits and side effects, as well as adverse cognitive effects ...
Nifedipine, sold under the brand name Procardia among others, is a calcium channel blocker medication used to manage angina, high blood pressure, Raynaud's phenomenon, and premature labor. [2] It is one of the treatments of choice for Prinzmetal angina. [2] It may be used to treat severe high blood pressure in pregnancy. [2]
Patients with secondary Raynaud's can also have symptoms related to their underlying diseases. Raynaud's phenomenon is the initial symptom that presents for 70% of patients with scleroderma, a skin and joint disease. [citation needed] When Raynaud's phenomenon is limited to one hand or one foot, it is referred to as unilateral Raynaud's.