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The Hongwu Emperor fell seriously ill in December 1397 and again from 24 May 1398. On 22 June, his condition worsened and he died on 24 June 1398, after thirty years of reign. [173] He was buried in the Xiao Mausoleum, located on the southern side of Purple Mountain, east of Nanjing.
On 24 June 1398 (Hongwu 31, 10th day of the 5th leap month), the Hongwu Emperor died. On 30 June (16th day of the 5th leap month), Imperial Grandson-heir Zhu Yunwen ascended the throne as the Jianwen Emperor. The following year, the era was changed to Jianwen. [2] [3]
In the 25th year of Hongwu, Ye Sheng , Marquis of Jingning (靖寧侯), was executed for "communicating with Hu Weiyong". Ye Sheng was an in-law of Lan Yu, so Ye Sheng's execution served as a prelude to the Lan Yu case in the 26th year of Hongwu. Zhu Yuanzhang would reopen the prison and persecute over 100,000 people. [22] [23]
The Hongwu Emperor specified his grandson Zhu Yunwen as his successor, and he assumed the throne as the Jianwen Emperor (r. 1398–1402) after Hongwu's death in 1398. The most powerful of Hongwu's sons, Zhu Di, then the militarily mighty disagreed with this, and soon a political showdown erupted between him and his nephew Jianwen. [ 50 ]
The Hongwu Emperor died on 24 June 1398. Just six days later, on 30 June 1398, Zhu Yunwen took the throne. His gentle nature and adherence to Confucian principles made him acutely aware of the harshness of the Hongwu Emperor's policies. As a result, he sought to bring about significant changes in the political landscape. [4]
The Hongwu Emperor (r. 1368–1398). The reforms of the Hongwu Emperor, the founder and first emperor of the Ming dynasty of China, in the 1360s–1390s were a comprehensive set of economic, social, and political changes aimed at rebuilding the Chinese state after years of conflict and disasters caused by the decline of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty and the Chinese resistance against Mongol rule.
The youngest ruler at the time of his ascension was Emperor Yingzong, who was only 9 years old, while the oldest ruler at the time of his death was the Hongwu Emperor, who died at the age of 71. [2] The emperor of the Ming dynasty, following a practice established in the Zhou dynasty, was known as the "Son of Heaven" (天子; Tianzi). [3]
The Hongwu Emperor eventually changed his mind and Empress Ma began to play a more active role in politics as his adviser and secretary, even keeping control of state documents. [4] On several occasions, she reproached and prevented the emperor from committing acts of injustice, such as when she prevented him from executing the scholar Song Lian .