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A paraganglioma is a rare neuroendocrine neoplasm that may develop at various body sites (including the head, neck, thorax and abdomen). When the same type of tumor is found in the adrenal gland, they are referred to as a pheochromocytoma. They are rare tumors, with an overall estimated incidence of 1 in 300,000. [1]
Head and neck paraganglioma, pheochromocytoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor: PGL2 SDHAF2: 100% Low Head and neck paraganglioma PGL3 SDHC: Autosomal Dominant Inconsistent Inconsistent Pheochromocytoma, head and neck paraganglioma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor PGL4 SDHB: 30–50% 30–70%
Several members of the S100 protein family are useful as markers for certain tumors and epidermal differentiation. They can be found in melanomas , [ 8 ] 100% of schwannomas , 100% of neurofibromas (weaker than schwannomas), 50% of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (may be weak and/or focal), paraganglioma stromal cells, histiocytoma ...
For example, tumor markers like Ki-67 can be used to choose form of treatment or in prognostics but are not useful to give a diagnosis, while other tumor markers have the opposite functionality. Therefore it's important to follow the guidelines of the specific tumor marker. Tumor markers are mainly used in clinical medicine to support a ...
They are essentially of two types: (1) chromaffin or sympathetic paraganglia made of chromaffin cells and (2) nonchromaffin or parasympathetic paraganglia made of glomus cells. They are neuroendocrine cells , the former with primary endocrine functions and the latter with primary chemoreceptor functions.
M8681/1 Sympathetic paraganglioma M8682/1 Parasympathetic paraganglioma M8683/0 Gangliocytic paraganglioma (C17.0) M8690/1 Glomus jugulare tumor, NOS (C75.5) Jugular/jugulotympanic paranglioma; M8691/1 Aortic body tumor (C75.5) Aortic/aorticopulmonary paraganglioma; M8692/1 Carotid body tumor/paraganglioma (C75.4) M8693/1 Extra-adrenal ...
One’s biological age, which measures the body’s physiological state, may help predict who is at risk for developing colon polyps, a known risk factor for colorectal cancer.
This tumor marker can be detected in the blood, saliva, or urine. [17] The possibility of identifying an effective biomarker for early cancer diagnosis has recently been questioned, in light of the high molecular heterogeneity of tumors observed by next-generation sequencing studies.