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MAP sensors measure absolute pressure. Boost sensors or gauges measure the amount of pressure above a set absolute pressure. That set absolute pressure is usually 100 kPa. This is commonly referred to as gauge pressure. Boost pressure is relative to absolute pressure - as one increases or decreases, so does the other.
Common rail fuel system on a Volvo truck engine. In 1916 Vickers pioneered the use of mechanical common rail systems in G-class submarine engines. For every 90° of rotation, four plunger pumps allowed a constant injection pressure of 3,000 pounds per square inch (210 bar; 21 MPa), with fuel delivery to individual cylinders being shut off by valves in the injector lines. [1]
Instead of injecting fuel into the intake, this injector allows fuel to bypass the fuel distributor, which varies the fuel pressure supplied to the mechanical injection components based on several inputs (engine speed, air pressure, coolant temperature, throttle position, lambda etc.) via the ECU.
The Ramjet is a continuous-flow port-injection system. Unlike later fuel injection systems that used electronics, this one is based on purely mechanical principles. The two main sub-assemblies of the system are the air meter and the fuel meter. The air meter measures airflow into the engine and manages thermostatic warmup enrichment, fuel ...
The term fuel injection is vague and comprises various distinct systems with fundamentally different functional principles. The only thing all fuel injection systems have in common is the absence of carburetion. There are two main functional principles of mixture formation systems for internal combustion engines: internal and external.
Injection phase Partway through the pump stroke, the solenoid is energized, which closes the spill valve. The fuel is forced into the cylinder through the spray tip. Pressure reduction phase Toward the end of the pump stroke, the spill valve is re-opened, allowing the fuel to recirculate again and ending the injection phase.
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