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2. Diophantine approximation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diophantine_approximation

   The first problem was to know how well a real number can be approximated by rational numbers. For this problem, a rational number p / q is a "good" approximation of a real number α if the absolute value of the difference between p / q and α may not decrease if p / q is replaced by another rational number with a smaller denominator.

3. Rational number - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rational_number

   In mathematics, "rational" is often used as a noun abbreviating "rational number". The adjective rational sometimes means that the coefficients are rational numbers. For example, a rational point is a point with rational coordinates (i.e., a point whose coordinates are rational numbers); a rational matrix is a matrix of rational numbers; a rational polynomial may be a polynomial with rational ...

4. Dirichlet's approximation theorem - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirichlet's_approximation...

   In his Essai sur la théorie des nombres (1798), Adrien-Marie Legendre derives a necessary and sufficient condition for a rational number to be a convergent of the simple continued fraction of a given real number. [4] A consequence of this criterion, often called Legendre's theorem within the study of continued fractions, is as follows: [5 ...

5. Solving quadratic equations with continued fractions - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solving_quadratic...

   If this infinite continued fraction converges at all, it must converge to one of the roots of the monic polynomial x 2 + bx + c = 0. Unfortunately, this particular continued fraction does not converge to a finite number in every case. We can easily see that this is so by considering the quadratic formula and a monic polynomial with real ...

6. Partial fraction decomposition - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partial_fraction_decomposition

   In algebra, the partial fraction decomposition or partial fraction expansion of a rational fraction (that is, a fraction such that the numerator and the denominator are both polynomials) is an operation that consists of expressing the fraction as a sum of a polynomial (possibly zero) and one or several fractions with a simpler denominator. [1]

7. Irreducible fraction - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irreducible_fraction

   In the case of the rational numbers this means that any number has two irreducible fractions, related by a change of sign of both numerator and denominator; this ambiguity can be removed by requiring the denominator to be positive. In the case of rational functions the denominator could similarly be required to be a monic polynomial. [8]