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Mycobacterium tuberculosis can cause the granulomas of tuberculosis which tend to contain necrosis ("caseating tubercules"), but non-necrotizing granulomas may also be present. [8] Multinucleated giant cells with nuclei arranged like a horseshoe (Langhans giant cell) and foreign body giant cells [ 9 ] are often present, but are not specific for ...
These granulomas are the main reason for the name granulomatosis with polyangiitis, although it is not an essential feature. Nevertheless, necrotizing granulomas are a hallmark of this disease. Many biopsies can be nonspecific, though, and 50% provide too little information for the diagnosis of GPA. [12]
Persons with these findings, if they have a positive tuberculin skin test reaction, should be considered high-priority candidates for treatment of latent infection regardless of age. Conversely, calcified nodular lesions (calcified granuloma) pose a very low risk for future progression to active tuberculosis. [citation needed]
Multinucleated giant cells due to an infection. H&E stain.. A giant cell (also known as a multinucleated giant cell, or multinucleate giant cell) is a mass formed by the union of several distinct cells (usually histiocytes), often forming a granuloma.
While TNF is widely believed to play an important role in the formation of granulomas (this is further supported by the finding that in animal models of mycobacterial granuloma formation inhibition of either TNF or IFN-γ production inhibits granuloma formation), sarcoidosis can and does still develop in those being treated with TNF antagonists ...
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), also known as Bridges–Good syndrome, chronic granulomatous disorder, and Quie syndrome, [1] is a diverse group of hereditary diseases in which certain cells of the immune system have difficulty forming the reactive oxygen compounds (most importantly the superoxide radical due to defective phagocyte NADPH oxidase) used to kill certain ingested pathogens. [2]
Caseous necrosis in the kidney. In caseous necrosis no histological architecture is preserved (unlike with coagulative necrosis). [5] [6] On microscopic examination with H&E staining, the area is acellular, characterised by amorphous, roughly granular eosinophilic debris of now dead cells, [6] also containing interspearsed haematoxyphilic remnants of cell nucleus contents. [5]
Flow cytometry is generally carried out with plasma cell granulomas to obtain the ratio of kappa light chains to lambda light chains. [3] Immunohistochemical staining of plasma cell granulomas is an important diagnostic method to show PCG lesions are also an entity within the IgG4-related diseases. [3]