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General-law cities have only those powers that state law expressly or implicitly authorizes. By contrast, home-rule cities may assume any power not prohibited by the state constitution or state laws. General-law municipalities are classified by population as type A, B, or C, with different options for their forms of government. [ 1 ]
The entire state is subdivided into 58 counties. The only type of municipal entity is the city, although cities may either operate under "general law" or a custom-drafted charter. California has never had villages or townships. Some cities call themselves "towns", but the name "town" is purely cosmetic with no legal effect.
Most municipalities in Pennsylvania must follow state law except where the state has expressly given jurisdiction to the municipality, and are therefore subject to the Third Class City Code, the Borough Code, the First Class Township Code, the Second Class Township Code, or other acts for sui generis municipalities.
A general-law municipality has no charter and is limited to the specific powers granted by the general laws of the state. Home-rule municipalities have a charter and derive the "full power of local self-government" [6] from the Constitution of Texas. A general-law municipality containing more than 5,000 inhabitants may order an election on ...
In the United States, a home rule city, charter city, or home rule charter city is a city in which the governing system is defined by its own municipal charter document rather than solely by state statute (general law). State law may require general-law cities to have a five-member city council, for example, as in California, but a city ...
California municipalities are either charter or general-law. General-law municipalities have powers defined by the state's Government Code ; [ note 3 ] charter municipalities may have increased powers, but the adoption or amendment of a city charter requires a popular vote.
They can be organized as either a charter municipality, governed by its own charter, or a general-law municipality (or "code city"), governed by state statute. [7] The first municipality to incorporate was Sacramento on February 27, 1850, [8] while the most recent was Mountain House on July 1, 2024. [5]
Municipalities (incorporated communities) in the United States. Named populated places with local government jurisdiction over a defined territory, as established by municipal charters operating under U.S. state law. Designations for municipalities vary among states, and can include: city, town, village, borough, plantation, or hamlet.