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This has suggested the meaning of Hubur to be "river of fertility in the underworld". [6] Linda Foubister has suggested the river of creation was linked with the importance of rivers and rain in the fertile crescent and suggested it was related to the underworld as rivers resemble snakes . [ 7 ]
Also known as the Amelēs potamos (river of unmindfulness), the Lethe flowed around the cave of Hypnos and through the Underworld where all those who drank from it experienced complete forgetfulness. The river was often associated with Lethe, the personification of forgetfulness and oblivion, who was the daughter of Eris (Strife).
It is the only named underworld river mentioned in Homer's Iliad [18] – our earliest mythological text – and three of the Homeric Hymns. [19] Not only is it an underworld river [20] but is also, more generally, the inviolable waters upon which the gods swear oaths [21] and a goddess in her own right (the daughter of Oceanus and Tethys). [22]
In Hindu cosmology, the universe is divided into the three worlds: Svarga, Bhumi or Martya (earth/mortal plane) and Patala (gross dimensions, the underworld). [5] Patala is composed of seven realms/dimensions or lokas, [6] [7] the seventh and lowest of them is also called Patala or Naga-loka, the region of the Nagas.
When Ganga descended, Bhagiratha led her to the sea. From there, the river reached the netherworld, and liberated the sixty thousand sons of King Sagara. [10] Because of Bhagiratha's efforts, the river is also known as Bhagirathi. She is also known as Tripathaga because she flows in the three worlds, heaven, earth, and the netherworld. [11]
Lerna Lake was one of the entrances to the Underworld. [3] [4] Odysseus visited the Underworld, entering through river Acheron in northwest Greece. [5] Orpheus traveled to the Greek underworld in search of Eurydice by entering a cave at Taenarum or Cape Tenaron on the southern tip of the Peloponnese. [6]
The Homeric poems describe the Acheron as a river of Hades, into which Cocytus and Phlegethon both flowed. [4] [5] The Roman poet Virgil called the Acheron the principal river of Tartarus, from which the Styx and the Cocytus both sprang. [6] The newly dead would be ferried across the Acheron by Charon in order to enter the Underworld. [7]
Red River or Red Water: one of the colored rivers flowing from Kunlun. In his poem "Li Sao", Qu Yuan crosses it on a bridge formed by dragons which he summons for the purpose; White River or White Water: one of the colored rivers flowing from Kunlun; Black River or Black Water: one of the colored rivers flowing from Kunlun