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  2. Defecation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defecation

    Open defecation can pollute the environment and cause health problems. High levels of open defecation are linked to high child mortality, poor nutrition, poverty, and large disparities between rich and poor. [33]: 11 Ending open defecation is an indicator being used to measure progress towards the Sustainable Development Goal Number 6.

  3. Stoma (medicine) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoma_(medicine)

    In anatomy, a stoma (pl.: stomata / ˈ s t oʊ m ə t ə / or stomas) is any opening in the body. For example, a mouth, a nose, and an anus are natural stomata. Any hollow organ can be manipulated into an artificial stoma as necessary. This includes the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, ileum, colon, pleural cavity, ureters, urinary bladder, and ...

  4. Colostomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colostomy

    Double barrel colostomy: The bowel is severed and both ends are brought out onto the abdomen. Only the proximal stoma is functioning. Most often, double-barrel colostomy is a temporary colostomy with two openings into the colon (distal and proximal). The elimination occurs through the proximal stoma.

  5. Ileostomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ileostomy

    The opening through which the catheter is introduced into the pouch is called the stoma. It is a small, flat, button-hole opening on the abdomen. Most patients cover the stoma site with a small pad or bandage to absorb the mucus that accumulates at the opening. [17] [Note 1] This mucus formation is natural, and makes insertion of the catheter ...

  6. Bowel resection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowel_resection

    Bowel resection may be done as an open surgery, with a long incision in the abdomen. It may also be done laparoscopically or robotically by creating several small incisions in the abdomen through which surgical instruments are inserted. [2] [3] [4] Once the abdomen is accessed by one of these methods the surgery may proceed.

  7. Human digestive system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_digestive_system

    The stomach is a distensible organ and can normally expand to hold about one litre of food. [22] This expansion is enabled by a series of gastric folds in the inner walls of the stomach. The stomach of a newborn baby will only be able to expand to retain about 30 ml.

  8. Gastrointestinal tract - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrointestinal_tract

    Signs and symptoms of infection are gastritis, burning abdominal pain, weight loss, loss of appetite, bloating, burping, nausea, bloody vomit, and black tarry stools. Infection can be detected in a number of ways: GI X-rays, endoscopy, blood tests for anti- Helicobacter antibodies, a stool test, and a urease breath test (which is a by-product ...

  9. Gastroileal reflex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastroileal_reflex

    The gastroileal reflex is stimulated by the presence of food in the stomach and gastric peristalsis. Initiation of the reflex causes peristalsis in the ileum and the opening of the ileocecal valve (which allows the emptying of the ileal contents into the large intestine, or colon). [ 1 ]