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However concentrated solutions of hydrogen fluoride are much more strongly acidic than implied by this value, as shown by measurements of the Hammett acidity function H 0 (or "effective pH"). During self ionization of 100% liquid HF the H 0 was first measured as −10.2 [15] and later compiled as −11, comparable to values near −12 for ...
Solid HF consists of zig-zag chains of HF molecules. The HF molecules, with a short covalent H–F bond of 95 pm length, are linked to neighboring molecules by intermolecular H–F distances of 155 pm. [4] Liquid HF also consists of chains of HF molecules, but the chains are shorter, consisting on average of only five or six molecules. [5]
Fluoroantimonic acid is the strongest superacid based on the measured value of its Hammett acidity function (H 0), which has been determined for various ratios of HF:SbF 5. The H 0 of HF is −15. [5] A solution of HF containing 1 mol % of SbF 5 is −20. The H 0 is −21 for 10 mol%. For > 50 mol % SbF 5, the H 0 is between −21 and −23.
Buffered oxide etch (BOE), also known as buffered HF or BHF, is a wet etchant used in microfabrication. It is a mixture of a buffering agent , such as ammonium fluoride NH 4 F , and hydrofluoric acid (HF).
It is very difficult to measure pH values of less than two in aqueous solution with a glass electrode, because the Nernst equation breaks down at such low pH values. To determine p K values of less than about 2 or more than about 11 spectrophotometric [ 60 ] [ 61 ] or NMR [ 62 ] [ 63 ] measurements may be used instead of, or combined with, pH ...
The pH range is commonly given as zero to 14, but a pH value can be less than 0 for very concentrated strong acids or greater than 14 for very concentrated strong bases. [2] The pH scale is traceable to a set of standard solutions whose pH is established by international agreement. [3]
The Hammett acidity function (H 0) is a measure of acidity that is used for very concentrated solutions of strong acids, including superacids.It was proposed by the physical organic chemist Louis Plack Hammett [1] [2] and is the best-known acidity function used to extend the measure of Brønsted–Lowry acidity beyond the dilute aqueous solutions for which the pH scale is useful.
Aqueous Phase pK a values hydrogen fluoride (fluorane) HF: 1.86: hydrofluoric acid: 3.1 hydrogen chloride (chlorane) HCl: 1.11: hydrochloric acid-3.9 hydrogen bromide ...
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