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Rational numbers have irrationality exponent 1, while (as a consequence of Dirichlet's approximation theorem) every irrational number has irrationality exponent at least 2. On the other hand, an application of Borel-Cantelli lemma shows that almost all numbers, including all algebraic irrational numbers , have an irrationality exponent exactly ...
A method analogous to piece-wise linear approximation but using only arithmetic instead of algebraic equations, uses the multiplication tables in reverse: the square root of a number between 1 and 100 is between 1 and 10, so if we know 25 is a perfect square (5 × 5), and 36 is a perfect square (6 × 6), then the square root of a number greater than or equal to 25 but less than 36, begins with ...
However, there is a second definition of an irrational number used in constructive mathematics, that a real number is an irrational number if it is apart from every rational number, or equivalently, if the distance | | between and every rational number is positive. This definition is stronger than the traditional definition of an irrational number.
If we don't allow √ 2 then we can increase the number on the right hand side of the inequality from 2 √ 2 to √ 221 /5. Repeating this process we get an infinite sequence of numbers √ 5, 2 √ 2, √ 221 /5, ... which converge to 3. [1] These numbers are called the Lagrange numbers, [2] and are named after Joseph Louis Lagrange.
Gerard of Cremona (c. 1150), Fibonacci (1202), and then Robert Recorde (1551) all used the term to refer to unresolved irrational roots, that is, expressions of the form , in which and are integer numerals and the whole expression denotes an irrational number. [6] Irrational numbers of the form , where is rational, are called pure quadratic ...
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In mathematics, an irrational number is any real number that is not a rational number, i.e., one that cannot be written as a fraction a / b with a and b integers and b not zero. This is also known as being incommensurable, or without common measure. The irrational numbers are precisely those numbers whose expansion in any given base (decimal ...
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