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  2. Ammonia volatilization from urea - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonia_volatilization...

    The soil's pH also has a strong effect on the amount of volatilization. Specifically, highly alkaline soils (pH~8.2 or higher) have proven to increase urea hydrolysis. One study has shown complete hydrolysis of urea within two days of application on such soils. In acidic soils (pH 5.2) the urea took twice as long to hydrolyze. [7]

  3. Soil acidification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_acidification

    Soil acidification is the buildup of hydrogen cations, which reduces the soil pH. Chemically, this happens when a proton donor gets added to the soil. The donor can be an acid , such as nitric acid , sulfuric acid , or carbonic acid .

  4. Soil pH - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_pH

    Then, using the initial soil pH and the aluminium content, the amount of lime needed to raise the pH to a desired level can be calculated. [68] Amendments other than agricultural lime that can be used to increase the pH of soil include wood ash, industrial calcium oxide , magnesium oxide, basic slag (calcium silicate), and oyster shells.

  5. Berthelot's reagent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berthelot's_reagent

    Phenol in the Berthelot reagent can be replaced by a variety of phenolic reagents, the most common being sodium salicylate, which is significantly less toxic. [1] This has been used for blood urea nitrogen (BUN) determinations and commonly is used to determine water and soil total and ammonia-N. Replacement of phenol by 2-phenylphenol reduces interferences by a variety of soil and water ...

  6. Urea - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urea

    The structure of the molecule of urea is O=C(−NH 2) 2.The urea molecule is planar when in a solid crystal because of sp 2 hybridization of the N orbitals. [8] [9] It is non-planar with C 2 symmetry when in the gas phase [10] or in aqueous solution, [9] with C–N–H and H–N–H bond angles that are intermediate between the trigonal planar angle of 120° and the tetrahedral angle of 109.5°.

  7. Microbiologically induced calcite precipitation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbiologically_induced...

    Changes in pH and concentrations of urea, ammonium, calcium and calcium carbonate in pore fluid with the distance from the injection point in 5-meter column experiments have shown that bacterial activity resulted in successful hydrolysis of urea, increase in pH and precipitation of calcite. [24]

  8. Soil chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_chemistry

    Soil chemistry is the study of the chemical characteristics of soil.Soil chemistry is affected by mineral composition, organic matter and environmental factors. In the early 1870s a consulting chemist to the Royal Agricultural Society in England, named J. Thomas Way, performed many experiments on how soils exchange ions, and is considered the father of soil chemistry. [1]

  9. Controlled-release fertiliser - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controlled-release_fertiliser

    Isobutylidenediurea ("IBDU") and urea-formaldehyde slowly convert in the soil to urea, which is rapidly uptaken by plants. IBDU is a single compound with the formula (CH 3) 2 CHCH(NHC(O)NH 2) 2 whereas the urea-formaldehydes consist of mixtures of the approximate formula (HOCH 2 NHC(O)NH) n CH 2.

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