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The Van 't Hoff equation relates the change in the equilibrium constant, K eq, of a chemical reaction to the change in temperature, T, given the standard enthalpy change, Δ r H ⊖, for the process. The subscript r {\displaystyle r} means "reaction" and the superscript ⊖ {\displaystyle \ominus } means "standard".
An equilibrium constant is related to the standard Gibbs free energy change for the reaction = R is the gas constant and T is the absolute temperature. At 25 °C, ΔG ⊖ = (−5.708 kJ mol −1) ⋅ log β. Free energy is made up of an enthalpy term and an entropy term.
The equilibrium constant of a chemical reaction is the value of its reaction quotient at chemical equilibrium, a state approached by a dynamic chemical system after sufficient time has elapsed at which its composition has no measurable tendency towards further change. For a given set of reaction conditions, the equilibrium constant is ...
In 1884, Jacobus van 't Hoff proposed the Van 't Hoff equation describing the temperature dependence of the equilibrium constant for a reversible reaction: = where ΔU is the change in internal energy, K is the equilibrium constant of the reaction, R is the universal gas constant, and T is thermodynamic temperature.
Equilibrium chemistry is concerned with systems in chemical equilibrium.The unifying principle is that the free energy of a system at equilibrium is the minimum possible, so that the slope of the free energy with respect to the reaction coordinate is zero.
The lowercase letters (e, s, a, b, l) are system constants describing the contribution of the aerosol phase to the sorption process. [5] The capital letters (E, S, A, B, L) are solute descriptors representing the complementary properties of the compounds. Specifically, L is the gas–liquid partition constant on n-hexadecane at 298 K;
[7] [8] [9] Thus the complete absence of thiocyanate or reduced thiocyanate [10] in the human body, (e.g., cystic fibrosis) is damaging to the human host defense system. [11] [12] Thiocyanate is a potent competitive inhibitor of the thyroid sodium-iodide symporter. [13] Iodine is an essential component of thyroxine. Since thiocyanates will ...
In chemistry, ion association is a chemical reaction whereby ions of opposite electric charge come together in solution to form a distinct chemical entity. [1] [2] Ion associates are classified, according to the number of ions that associate with each other, as ion pairs, ion triplets, etc. Ion pairs are also classified according to the nature of the interaction as contact, solvent-shared or ...