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Decompression sickness (DCS; also called divers' disease, the bends, aerobullosis, and caisson disease) is a medical condition caused by dissolved gases emerging from solution as bubbles inside the body tissues during decompression.
Decompression sickness is usually avoidable by following the requirements of decompression tables or algorithms regarding ascent rates and stop times for the specific dive profile, but these do not guarantee safety, and in some cases, unpredictably, there will be decompression sickness.
Altitude decompression may occur as a decompression from saturation at a lower altitude, or as decompression from an excursion to a lower altitude, in the case of people living at high altitude, making a short duration trip to low altitude, and returning, or a person decompressing from a dive at altitude, which is a special case of diving ...
The principal conditions are decompression illness (which covers decompression sickness and arterial gas embolism), nitrogen narcosis, high pressure nervous syndrome, oxygen toxicity, and pulmonary barotrauma (burst lung). Although some of these may occur in other settings, they are of particular concern during diving activities.
Decompression in the context of diving derives from the reduction in ambient pressure experienced by the diver during the ascent at the end of a dive or hyperbaric exposure and refers to both the reduction in pressure and the process of allowing dissolved inert gases to be eliminated from the tissues during this reduction in pressure.
Once it was recognised that the symptoms were caused by gas bubbles, [30] and that re-compression could relieve the symptoms, [29] [32] Paul Bert showed in 1878 that decompression sickness is caused by nitrogen bubbles released from tissues and blood during or after decompression, and showed the advantages of breathing oxygen after developing ...
Use: Treatment of pain only decompression sickness when oxygen is available and pain is relieved within 10 minutes or at less than 18 msw (59 fsw), or for serious symptoms where a specialist medical officer is present. [20] Oxygen treatment; Maximum pressure 18 msw (59 fsw) Run time 2 hours 17 minutes
VVAL 18 is a deterministic model that utilizes the Naval Medical Research Institute Linear Exponential (NMRI LE1 PDA) data set for calculation of decompression schedules. . Phase two testing of the US Navy Diving Computer produced an acceptable algorithm with an expected maximum incidence of decompression sickness (DCS) less than 3.5% assuming that occurrence followed the binomial distribution ...