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The encomienda system was generally replaced by the crown-managed repartimiento system throughout Spanish America after mid-sixteenth century. [8] Like the encomienda, the new repartimiento did not include the attribution of land to anyone, rather only the allotment of native workers. But they were directly allotted to the Crown, who, through a ...
The encomienda "was the key institution of early Spanish colonialism" [8] and the principal means of exploiting the labor of the Andeans by the Spanish conquerors. The grant of an encomienda enabled the recipient to enjoy a "lordly rank and life-style" and encomenderos , often of humble origins, dominated local governments and were economically ...
With the New Laws of 1542, the repartimiento was instated to substitute the encomienda system that had come to be seen as abusive and promoting of unethical behavior. The Spanish Crown aimed to remove control of the indigenous population, now considered subjects of the Crown, from the hands of the encomenderos, who had become a politically influential and wealthy class, with the shift away ...
[12] This allowed the Spanish to maintain control over the indigenous people by allowing them to assume they would have some power coming from these new laws. However, these laws only tricked the indigenous people into agreeing to the encomienda system. They were allowed to live a more 'civilized' life among the Spanish but were under the ...
According to historian David Stannard, the encomienda was a genocidal system which "had driven many millions of native peoples in Central and South America to early and agonizing deaths." [ 108 ] The Spanish and Portuguese genocides of Indigenous Peoples of the Americas wiped out approximately 90% of the indigenous population, and most ...
The Spanish Empire, [b] sometimes referred to as the Hispanic Monarchy [c] or the Catholic Monarchy, [d] [4] [5] [6] was a colonial empire that existed between 1492 and 1976. [7] [8] In conjunction with the Portuguese Empire, it ushered in the European Age of Discovery.
[c] The Spanish progressively restricted and outright forbade the enslavement of Indigenous Americans in the early years of the Spanish Empire with the Laws of Burgos of 1512 and the New Laws of 1542. The latter replaced the encomienda with the repartimiento system, making the Indigenous people (in theory) free vassals of the Spanish Crown. [27]
Bartolomé de las Casas, OP (US: / l ɑː s ˈ k ɑː s ə s / lahss KAH-səss; Spanish: [baɾtoloˈme ðe las ˈkasas] ⓘ; 11 November 1484 [1] – 18 July 1566) was a Spanish clergyman, writer, and activist best known for his work as an historian and social reformer.