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In organic chemistry, Fehling's solution is a chemical reagent used to differentiate between water-soluble carbohydrate and ketone (>C=O) functional groups, and as a test for reducing sugars and non-reducing sugars, supplementary to the Tollens' reagent test. The test was developed by German chemist Hermann von Fehling in 1849. [1]
It is often used in place of Fehling's solution to detect the presence of reducing sugars and other reducing substances. [2] Tests that use this reagent are called Benedict's tests. A positive result of Benedict's test is indicated by a color change from clear blue to brick-red with a precipitate.
An oligosaccharide has both a reducing and a non-reducing end. The reducing end of an oligosaccharide is the monosaccharide residue with hemiacetal functionality, thereby capable of reducing the Tollens’ reagent, while the non-reducing end is the monosaccharide residue in acetal form, thus incapable of reducing the Tollens’ reagent. [2]
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It reacts with a reducing sugar to form 3-amino-5-nitrosalicylic acid, which can be measured by spectrophotometry to determine the amount of reducing sugar that was present. [8] Some sugars, such as sucrose, do not react with any of the reducing-sugar test solutions. However, a non-reducing sugar can be hydrolyzed using dilute hydrochloric acid ...
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Sucrose is a non-reducing sugar, so will not test positive with Benedict's solution. To test for sucrose, the sample is treated with sucrase. The sucrose is hydrolysed into glucose and fructose, with glucose being a reducing sugar, which in turn tests positive with Benedict's solution. [citation needed].
In these methods, multiple sugars are added to the reaction mixture. One of the sugars is armed as the glycosyl donor, and reacts quickly with a glycosyl acceptor. The non-reducing sugar then acts as a glycosyl acceptor as a protecting group that is easily lost in solution reveals a free hydroxyl group.