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In computer operating systems, memory paging is a memory management scheme that eliminates the need for contiguous memory allocation, [1] It is often combined with the related technique of allocating and freeing page frames and storing pages on and retrieving them from secondary storage [ a ] in order to allow the aggregate size of the address ...
Drum memory was a magnetic data storage device invented by Gustav Tauschek in 1932 in Austria. [1] [2] Drums were widely used in the 1950s and into the 1960s as computer memory. Many early computers, called drum computers or drum machines, used drum memory as the main working memory of the computer. [3]
By 1960, magnetic core was the dominant memory technology, although there were still some new machines using drums and delay lines during the 1960s. Magnetic thin film and rod memory were used on some second-generation machines, but advances in core technology meant they remained niche players until semiconductor memory displaced both core and ...
The Atlas pioneered virtual memory and paging as a way to extend its working memory by combining its 16,384 words of primary core memory with an additional 96K words of secondary drum memory. [21] Atlas also pioneered the Atlas Supervisor, "considered by many to be the first recognizable modern operating system". [20]
An associative memory (content-addressable memory) of page address registers to determine whether the desired virtual memory location was in core store Instruction pipelining Atlas did not use a synchronous clocking mechanism — it was an asynchronous processor — so performance measurements were not easy, but as an example:
This machine introduced many modern architectural concepts: spooling, interrupts, pipelining, interleaved memory, virtual memory and paging. It was the most powerful machine in the world at the time of release. 1962: US Work begun on the LINC, the brainchild of the MIT physicist Wesley A. Clark in May 1961. It was the first functional prototype ...
IBM M44/44X, an experimental paging operating system, is in use at Thomas J. Watson Research Center. IBM announces the IBM System/360-67, a 32-bit CPU with virtual memory hardware (August 1965). 1966. IBM ships the S/360-67 computer in June 1966. IBM begins work on CP-67, a re-implementation of CP-40 for the S/360-67. 1967
Motorola introduces the Motorola 68020, which enabled full 32-bit addressing, and the 68851 memory management unit, which supported demand paging. 1985. Intel introduces the Intel 80386, which adds a 32-bit instruction set to the x86 microarchitecture, and supports demand paging. 1985. ARM architecture introduced. 1989. Intel introduces the ...