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Smoker melanosis in a patient consuming 2 packs of cigarette per day. Smoking or the use of nicotine-containing drugs is the cause to Smoker's melanosis. [10] [11] Tar-components (benzopyrenes) are also known to stimulate melanocytes to melanin production, and other unknown toxic agents in tobacco may also be the cause.
There are a wide range of depigmenting treatments used for hyperpigmentation conditions, and responses to most are variable. [11]Most often treatment of hyperpigmentation caused by melanin overproduction (such as melasma, acne scarring, liver spots) includes the use of topical depigmenting agents, which vary in their efficacy and safety, as well as in prescription rules.
These macules often vary in shades of brown, size and are confluent, Although any oral site can be affected, in almost all cases pigmented macules appear on the buccal mucosae, lips and around the mouth. Pigmented macules on the face are less common. The extent of oral involvement and degree of pigmentation varies between each individual case.
Cause [ edit ] Drug-induced pigmentation of the skin may occur as a consequence of drug administration , and the mechanism may be postinflammatory hyperpigmentation in some cases, but frequently is related to actual deposition of the offending drug in the skin.
Counterintuitively, constant licking of the lips causes drying and irritation, and eventually the mucosa splits or cracks. [2] The lips have a greater tendency to dry out in cold, dry weather. [citation needed] Digestive enzymes present in the saliva may also irritate the lips, and the evaporation of the water in saliva saps moisture from them. [8]
“The most likely cause of tingling sensation on the lips in my practice would be a cold sore, aka herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection,” says Dr. Justine Park, MD, a board-certified ...
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Note the bluish-purple discoloration of the fingernails, lips, eyelids, and nose, along with prominent nail clubbing. Central cyanosis may be due to the following causes: Central nervous system (impairing normal ventilation): [5] Intracranial hemorrhage; Drug overdose (e.g., heroin) Generalized tonic–clonic seizure (GTCS) Respiratory system ...