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Smoker's melanosis is seen with the naked eye as a brown to black pigmentation of the oral tissue i.e. the gums, [1] cheeks or palate [2] as well as in larynx. [3] [4] It is most often seen in the lower labial gingiva of tobacco users. Most easily it is found in Caucasians, due to their lack of a genetically caused melanin pigmentation. [5] [6]
Cheilitis also called and known as chapped lips, is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the lips. The inflammation may include the perioral skin (the skin around the mouth), the vermilion border , or the labial mucosa . [ 1 ]
Eumelanin is found in hair, areola, and skin, and the hair colors gray, black, blond, and brown. In humans, it is more abundant in people with dark skin. Pheomelanin, a pink to red hue is found in particularly large quantities in red hair, [16] the lips, nipples, glans of the penis, and vagina. [17]
Redness around the lips in circumoral distribution with dryness and scale is typical. [4] [15] Chapping may also occur, especially in cold weather. [16] If symptoms worsen due to persistent licking, cracked lips can occur usually on the lower lip. [5] Observation of the person's habitual behavior can also be a sign and symptom of lip licker's ...
[4] [5] Often the corners are red with skin breakdown and crusting. [2] It can also be itchy or painful. [2] The condition can last for days to years. [2] Angular cheilitis is a type of cheilitis (inflammation of the lips). [6] Angular cheilitis can be caused by infection, irritation, or allergies. [2]
Red, erosive or ulcerative lesions indicate atrophy, loss of epithelium and inflammation. [7] Early, acute lesions may be erythematous (red) and edematous (swollen). [ 2 ] With months and years of sun exposure, the lesion becomes chronic and may be grey-white in color and appear dry, scaly and wrinkled.
Cyanosis is the change of body tissue color to a bluish-purple hue, as a result of decrease in the amount of oxygen bound to the hemoglobin in the red blood cells of the capillary bed. [1] Cyanosis is apparent usually in the body tissues covered with thin skin, including the mucous membranes, lips, nail beds, and ear lobes. [1]
Sometimes the lips, the gums and the tongue can simultaneously be involved, and some authors have described this triad as a syndrome ("plasma-cell gingivostomatitis"). [3] The mucous membranes of the genitals can also be involved by a similar condition, termed " plasma cell balanitis " [ 2 ] or " plasma cell vulvitis ".