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A hydroxide ion acting as a nucleophile in an S N 2 reaction, converting a haloalkane into an alcohol. In chemistry, a nucleophile is a chemical species that forms bonds by donating an electron pair. All molecules and ions with a free pair of electrons or at least one pi bond can act as nucleophiles. Because nucleophiles donate electrons, they ...
Sodium nitrite works by creating methemoglobin, where the iron atom at the center of the heme group is in the oxidized ferric (Fe 3+) state, which binds with cyanide with greater affinity than its binding to the cytochrome C oxidase, and thus removes it from blocking the metabolic function of mitochondria.
Arrow pushing or electron pushing is a technique used to describe the progression of organic chemistry reaction mechanisms. [1] It was first developed by Sir Robert Robinson.In using arrow pushing, "curved arrows" or "curly arrows" are drawn on the structural formulae of reactants in a chemical equation to show the reaction mechanism.
The sodium–potassium pump, a critical enzyme for regulating sodium and potassium levels in cells. Sodium ions (Na +) are necessary in small amounts for some types of plants, [1] but sodium as a nutrient is more generally needed in larger amounts [1] by animals, due to their use of it for generation of nerve impulses and for maintenance of electrolyte balance and fluid balance.
Quizlet is a multi-national American company that provides tools for studying and learning. [1] Quizlet was founded in October 2005 by Andrew Sutherland, who at the time was a 15-year old student, [ 2 ] and released to the public in January 2007. [ 3 ]
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide consists of two nucleosides joined by pyrophosphate.The nucleosides each contain a ribose ring, one with adenine attached to the first carbon atom (the 1' position) (adenosine diphosphate ribose) and the other with nicotinamide at this position.
1. Choose Your Bread Intentionally. Gone are the days when the most popular option was dry bread crumbs in boxed stuffing mix. “There are many different varieties of stuffing,” says Rosemary ...
Grignard reagents are nucleophiles in nucleophilic aliphatic substitutions for instance with alkyl halides in a key step in industrial Naproxen production: Naproxen synthesis In the Bruylants reaction , a nitrile can be replaced by the Grignard nucleophile, rather than the Grigard attacking the nitrile to form an imino structure.