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  2. Water jacket furnace (metallurgy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_jacket_furnace...

    Small round water jacket furnace for silver-lead ore . A water jacket furnace could be used to reduce non-ferrous oxide ores mixed with coke, to produce metal, but its main use was smelting the more common sulphide ores. The feedstock was the ore, coke and fluxes. When smelting lead sulphide ores, a water jacket furnace produces molten lead and ...

  3. Bioretention - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioretention

    In laboratory experiments, bioretention cells removed 94%, 88%, 95%, and >95% of zinc, copper, lead, and cadmium, respectively from water with metal concentrations typical of stormwater runoff. While this is a great benefit for water quality improvement, bioretention systems have a finite capacity for heavy metal removal.

  4. Gold cyanidation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_cyanidation

    Other metals are recovered from the process include copper, zinc, and silver, but gold is the main driver of this technology. [1] Due to the highly poisonous nature of cyanide, the process is controversial and its use is banned in some parts of the world. Cyanide can be safely used in the gold mining industry. [3]

  5. Refining (metallurgy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refining_(metallurgy)

    In metallurgy, refining consists of purifying an impure metal. It is to be distinguished from other processes such as smelting and calcining in that those two involve a chemical change to the raw material, whereas in refining the final material is chemically identical to the raw material.

  6. Water quality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_quality

    The National Water Quality Inventory Report to Congress is a general report on water quality, providing overall information about the number of miles of streams and rivers and their aggregate condition. [65] The CWA requires states to adopt standards for each of the possible designated uses that they assign to their waters.

  7. Leaching (metallurgy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaching_(metallurgy)

    Leaching is a process widely used in extractive metallurgy where ore is treated with chemicals to convert the valuable metals within the ore, into soluble salts while the impurity remains insoluble. These can then be washed out and processed to give the pure metal; the materials left over are commonly known as tailings.

  8. Gold extraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_extraction

    Gold occurs principally as a native metal, i.e., gold itself.Sometimes it is alloyed to a greater or lesser extent with silver, which is called electrum.Native gold can occur as sizeable nuggets, as fine grains or flakes in alluvial deposits, or as grains or microscopic particles (known as colour) embedded in rock minerals.

  9. Extractive metallurgy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extractive_metallurgy

    Extractive metallurgy is a branch of metallurgical engineering wherein process and methods of extraction of metals from their natural mineral deposits are studied. The field is a materials science, covering all aspects of the types of ore, washing, concentration, separation, chemical processes and extraction of pure metal and their alloying to suit various applications, sometimes for direct ...