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The major engineering works of BR were split-off into a separate company, British Rail Engineering Limited, in 1970. This was subsequently split further, becoming British Rail Maintenance Limited, whose ownership was retained by British Rail; and British Rail Engineering (1988) Limited, which was prepared for privatisation.
British Rail built a fleet of electric units to operate Bournemouth services from Waterloo in the 1980s, with Mark 3 bodies and plug doors. These Class 442 (5-WES) units later transferred to the Brighton Main Line in 2008 on Gatwick Express services from Victoria, run by the Southern franchise, before returning to South Western Railway in 2019.
High-speed inter-city rail (above 124 mph or 200 km/h) was first introduced in Great Britain in the 1970s by British Rail. BR had pursued two development projects in parallel, the development of a tilting train technology, the Advanced Passenger Train (APT), and development of a conventional high-speed diesel train, the High Speed Train (HST).
British Railways (BR), which from 1965 traded as British Rail, was a state-owned company that operated most rail transport in Great Britain from 1948 to 1997. Originally a trading brand of the Railway Executive of the British Transport Commission, it became an independent statutory corporation in January 1963, when it was formally renamed the British Railways Board.
British Railway History. An outline from the accession of William IV to the Nationalisation of Railways, 1830–1876 (vol 1. G. Allen and Unwin, 1954) Ellis, Cuthbert Hamilton. British Railway History: An Outline from the Accession of William IV to the Nationalization of Railways, 1877–1947. Vol. 2 (G. Allen and Unwin, 1959); see online review.
Former LMS locomotive types also began to work in the region from the late 1950s onwards and became a familiar sight on the Stainmore line and on the coastal passenger routes in Yorkshire. The former North Eastern Railway freight types proved especially long-lived and many lasted until the end of steam in the region (by then part of the Eastern ...
London King's Cross railway station to Stevenage in Hertfordshire and Peterborough in Cambridgeshire; Fenchurch Street railway station to Basildon (from 1974), Southend and Shoeburyness. London Marylebone to Leicester, Nottingham and Sheffield on the Great Central Main Line (transferred to the London Midland Region in 1950)
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