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  2. Heat of combustion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_of_combustion

    By convention, the (higher) heat of combustion is defined to be the heat released for the complete combustion of a compound in its standard state to form stable products in their standard states: hydrogen is converted to water (in its liquid state), carbon is converted to carbon dioxide gas, and nitrogen is converted to nitrogen gas. That is ...

  3. Adiabatic flame temperature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiabatic_flame_temperature

    The constant volume adiabatic flame temperature is the temperature that results from a complete combustion process that occurs without any work, heat transfer or changes in kinetic or potential energy. Its temperature is higher than in the constant pressure process because no energy is utilized to change the volume of the system (i.e., generate ...

  4. Heat capacity ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_capacity_ratio

    In gas dynamics we are interested in the local relations between pressure, density and temperature, rather than considering a fixed quantity of gas. By considering the density ρ = M / V {\displaystyle \rho =M/V} as the inverse of the volume for a unit mass, we can take ρ = 1 / V {\displaystyle \rho =1/V} in these relations.

  5. Autoignition temperature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoignition_temperature

    The autoignition temperature or self-ignition temperature, often called spontaneous ignition temperature or minimum ignition temperature (or shortly ignition temperature) and formerly also known as kindling point, of a substance is the lowest temperature at which it spontaneously ignites in a normal atmosphere without an external source of ignition, such as a flame or spark. [1]

  6. Combustion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustion

    The flames caused as a result of a fuel undergoing combustion (burning) Air pollution abatement equipment provides combustion control for industrial processes.. Combustion, or burning, [1] is a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction between a fuel (the reductant) and an oxidant, usually atmospheric oxygen, that produces oxidized, often gaseous products, in a mixture termed as smoke.

  7. Adiabatic process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiabatic_process

    For example, the adiabatic flame temperature uses this approximation to calculate the upper limit of flame temperature by assuming combustion loses no heat to its surroundings. In meteorology , adiabatic expansion and cooling of moist air, which can be triggered by winds flowing up and over a mountain for example, can cause the water vapor ...

  8. Burn rate (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burn_rate_(chemistry)

    A substance is characterized by a burn rate vs. pressure chart and burn rate vs temperature chart. Higher burn rate than the speed of sound in the material (usually several km/s): "detonation" A few meters per second: "deflagration" A few centimeters per second: "burn" or "smolder" 0.01 mm/s to 100 mm/s: "decomposing rapidly" to characterise it.

  9. Standard enthalpy of formation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_enthalpy_of_formation

    For a gas, it is the hypothetical state the gas would assume if it obeyed the ideal gas equation at a pressure of 1 bar. For a gaseous or solid solute present in a diluted ideal solution , the standard state is the hypothetical state of concentration of the solute of exactly one mole per liter (1 M ) at a pressure of 1 bar extrapolated from ...