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Hitler's proclamation creating the protectorate on 16 March claimed that "Bohemia and Moravia have for thousands of years belonged to the Lebensraum of the German people". [30] British public opinion changed drastically after the invasion. Chamberlain realised that the Munich Agreement had meant nothing to Hitler.
The Munich Agreement [a] was an agreement reached in Munich on 30 September 1938, by Nazi Germany, the United Kingdom, the French Republic, and Fascist Italy.The agreement provided for the German annexation of part of Czechoslovakia called the Sudetenland, where more than three million people, mainly ethnic Germans, lived. [1]
During World War II, Czechoslovakia was divided into four different regions, each administered by a different authority: Sudetenland (Germany), Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, the Slovak State, and Carpathian Ruthenia and southern Slovakia (Hungary). As a result, the Holocaust unfolded differently in each of these areas:
The outbreak of World War II with the September 1939 invasion of Poland dramatically changed the situation of Czech Jews. [73] The Nisko Plan was a scheme to concentrate Jews in the Lublin District , at the time the most remote area of German-occupied Europe and adjacent to the new border with the Soviet Union created by the partition of Poland ...
In November 1937 at the Hossbach conference, Hitler announced that to stay ahead in the arms race with the other powers that Germany had to seize Czechoslovakia in the very near-future. [12] Czechoslovakia was the world's 7th largest manufacturer of arms, making Czechoslovakia into an important player in the global arms trade.
This part of the Czech lands did not include the Sudetenland, which mostly consisted of ethnic Germans and were directly annexed into the Reich. The Reich Protector, Konstantin von Neurath , remained titular head but was sent on "leave" because Hitler , Himmler , and Heydrich felt his "soft approach" to the Czechs had promoted anti-German ...
Czechoslovakia, 1918–1938 (In March 1938, Austria was annexed by Germany.) With international tension already high in Central Europe after the German annexation of Austria in March 1938 and the continued unrest in the German-speaking border regions of Czechoslovakia, the Sudetenland, reports of substantial military concentrations in areas close to Czechoslovakia on 19 May 1938 gave rise to ...
Western Czechoslovakia was split by a military frontier of superpowers, on one side of which was the Soviet Army and on the other side of which was the U.S. Army. Although both armies would depart Czechoslovakia by the end of 1945, Stalin had achieved his goal of ensuring a strong Soviet military presence in Prague at the time of the surrender ...