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The four winged creatures that symbolize the Four Evangelists surround Christ in Majesty on the Romanesque tympanum of the Church of St. Trophime in Arles. The lion symbol of St. Mark from the Echternach Gospels, here without wings.
Like the rest of the New Testament, the four gospels were written in Greek. [56] The Gospel of Mark probably dates from around AD 70, [15] Matthew and Luke around AD 85–90, [16] and John AD 90–110., [17] which puts their composition likely within the lifetimes of various eyewitnesses, including Jesus's own family.
The New Testament includes four canonical gospels, (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John) but there are many gospels not included in the biblical canon. [3] These additional gospels are referred to as either New Testament apocrypha or pseudepigrapha. [4] [5] Some of these texts have impacted Christian traditions, including many forms of iconography.
The first four books of the Christian New Testament are the canonical gospels: Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. In addition, a number of non-canonical gospels exist or existed but are not officially included in the Christian Bible.
The historical reliability of the Gospels is evaluated by experts who have not reached complete consensus. While all four canonical gospels contain some sayings and events that may meet at least one of the five criteria for historical reliability used in biblical studies, [note 1] the assessment and evaluation of these elements is a matter of ongoing debate.
All gospels directly used the gospel of Marcion as their source, and have been influenced heavily by it. Others or none Multi‑source: Each gospel drew from a different combination of hypothetical earlier documents. Proto‑gospel: The gospels each derive, all or some of, its material from a common proto-gospel (Ur-Gospel), possibly in Hebrew ...
The four gospels have variations in their account of the resurrection of Jesus and his appearances, but there are four points at which all gospels converge: [163] the turning of the stone that had closed the tomb, the visit of the women on "the first day of the week;" that the risen Jesus chose first to appear to women (or a woman) and told ...
Mark is the only gospel with the combination of verses in Mark 4:24–25: the other gospels split them up, Mark 4:24 being found in Luke 6:38 and Matthew 7:2, Mark 4:25 in Matthew 13:12 and Matthew 25:29, Luke 8:18 and Luke 19:26. The Parable of the Growing Seed. [101] Only Mark counts the possessed swine; there are about two thousand. [102]
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