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Hard water usually contains calcium or magnesium ions. Sodium carbonate is used for removing these ions and replacing them with sodium ions. [16] Sodium carbonate is a water-soluble source of carbonate. The calcium and magnesium ions form insoluble solid precipitates upon treatment with carbonate ions:
Polyatomic ions often are useful in the context of acid–base chemistry and in the formation of salts. Often, a polyatomic ion can be considered as the conjugate acid or base of a neutral molecule. For example, the conjugate base of sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) is the polyatomic hydrogen sulfate anion (HSO − 4).
The Solvay process or ammonia–soda process is the major industrial process for the production of sodium carbonate (soda ash, Na 2 CO 3).The ammonia–soda process was developed into its modern form by the Belgian chemist Ernest Solvay during the 1860s. [1]
A carbonate is a salt of carbonic acid, (H 2 CO 3), [2] characterized by the presence of the carbonate ion, a polyatomic ion with the formula CO 2− 3. The word "carbonate" may also refer to a carbonate ester , an organic compound containing the carbonate group O=C(−O−) 2 .
This is sometimes the case when multiple atoms of the same type surround the central atom, and is especially common for polyatomic ions. When this situation occurs, the molecule's Lewis structure is said to be a resonance structure, and the molecule exists as a resonance hybrid. Each of the different possibilities is superimposed on the others ...
Each polyatomic ion in a compound is written individually in order to illustrate the separate groupings. For example, the compound dichlorine hexoxide has an empirical formula ClO 3, and molecular formula Cl 2 O 6, but in liquid or solid forms, this compound is more correctly shown by an ionic condensed formula [ClO 2] + [ClO 4] −, which ...
An ionic compound is named by its cation followed by its anion. See polyatomic ion for a list of possible ions. For cations that take on multiple charges, the charge is written using Roman numerals in parentheses immediately following the element name. For example, Cu(NO 3) 2 is copper(II) nitrate, because the charge of two nitrate ions (NO −
The reagent used can be any substance that gives S 2− ions in such solutions; most commonly used are hydrogen sulfide (at 0.2-0.3 M), thioacetamide (at 0.3-0.6 M), addition of hydrogen sulfide can often prove to be a lumbersome process and therefore sodium sulfide can also serve the purpose. The test with the sulfide ion must be conducted in ...