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Macrocytic anemia is a condition and blood disorder characterized by the presence of predominantly larger-than-normal erythrocytes (red blood cells, or RBCs) accompanied by low numbers of RBC, which often carry an insufficient amount of hemoglobin.
Red blood cells have an average volume of 80–100 femtoliters, but individual cell volumes vary even in healthy blood. [1] Certain disorders, however, cause a significantly increased variation in cell size. Higher RDW values indicate greater variation in size. Normal reference range of RDW-CV in human red blood cells is 11.5–15.4%.
The flat surface of the discoid RBCs gives them a large surface area to make contact with and stick to each other; thus forming a rouleau. They occur when the plasma protein concentration is high, and, because of them, the ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) is also increased. This is a nonspecific indicator of the presence of disease.
Polycythemia is defined as serum hematocrit (Hct) or hemoglobin (HgB) exceeding normal ranges expected for age and sex, typically Hct >49% in healthy adult men and >48% in women, or HgB >16.5 g/dL in men or >16.0 g/dL in women. [8]
Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia arises before bilirubin reaches the liver as liver conjugation capacity is overwhelmed in haemolytic anaemias, in which red blood cells are disproportionately destroyed, leading to excessive haem metabolism thus bilirubin production. [6]
Hemolytic anemia or haemolytic anaemia is a form of anemia due to hemolysis, the abnormal breakdown of red blood cells (RBCs), either in the blood vessels (intravascular hemolysis) or elsewhere in the human body (extravascular). [2]
The mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) is a measure of the concentration of hemoglobin in a given volume of packed red blood cell. It is calculated by dividing the hemoglobin by the hematocrit. Reference ranges for blood tests are 32 to 36 g/dL (320 to 360g/L), [1] or between 4.81 and 5.58 mmol/L. It is thus a mass or molar ...
Meaning R: respiration, (right) RA: refractory anemia rheumatoid arthritis right atrium room air RAD: reflex anal dilatation right axis deviation reactive airway disease radiation absorbed dose reactive attachment disorder: Rad hys: radical hysterectomy: RAE: right atrial enlargement RAI: radioactive iodine: RAIU: thyroid reactive iodine uptake ...