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The French conquest of Vietnam 1 (1858–1885) was a series of military expeditions that pitted the Second French Empire, later the French Third Republic, against the Vietnamese empire of Đại Nam in the mid-late 19th century.
In 1948, France recognized nominal independence of Vietnam with the Hạ Long Bay Preliminary Agreement. [3] In 1949, in order to provide a political alternative to Ho Chi Minh, the French favoured the creation of a unified State of Vietnam, and former Emperor Bảo Đại was put back in power.
The First Indochina War (generally known as the Indochina War in France, and as the Anti-French Resistance War in Vietnam, and alternatively internationally as the French-Indochina War) was fought between France and Việt Minh (Democratic Republic of Vietnam), and their respective allies, from 19 December 1946 until 21 July 1954. [19]
Before losing the North to communists, on 4 June 1954, France recognized full independence of the State of Vietnam within the French Union. [6] Ngô Đình Diệm, a former mandarin with a strong Catholic and Confucian background, was selected as Premier of the State of Vietnam by Bảo Đại. While Diệm was trying to settle the differences ...
[4]: 21–22 On the same day, France recognizes the complete independence of the State of Vietnam within the French Union, France and Vietnam become equal member states within the Union. [15] 14 June. Bửu Lộc resigns as Prime Minister of Vietnam, paving the way for the appointment of Ngô Đình Diệm.
The fact that France was at a disadvantage during the war forced the French to accelerate the transfer of power to Vietnam. On July 3, 1953, France announced that it would complete Vietnam's independence and on April 28 of the following year, the two countries agreed that they would sign two treaties making Vietnam completely independent from ...
France, however, did not promise independence for Vietnam. The fact that the ceasefire proved to be effective was a measure of the control the Việt Minh had over nationalist groups in southern Vietnam even though its power base was in the north. [78] 20 October. Ho Chi Minh arrived in Haiphong after an absence of more than 4 months.
After the defeat of France, with an armistice on June 22, 1940, roughly two-thirds of the country was put under direct German military control. The remaining part of southeast France and the French colonies were under a nominally independent government, headed by World War I hero Marshal Philippe Pétain.