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Never attribute to malice that which is adequately explained by stupidity. It is a philosophical razor that suggests a way of eliminating unlikely explanations for human behavior. It is probably named after a Robert J. Hanlon, [ 2 ] who submitted the statement to Murphy's Law Book Two: More Reasons Why Things Go Wrong!
In philosophy, a razor is a principle or rule of thumb that allows one to eliminate (shave off) unlikely explanations for a phenomenon, or avoid unnecessary actions. [ 1 ] Examples
[40]: 617 It is a theoretical solution to the question of personal identity, being contrasted with "Empty individualism", the view that personal identities correspond to a fixed pattern that instantaneously disappears with the passage of time, and "Closed individualism", the common view that personal identities are particular to subjects and ...
The "evil" thus identified is evil only from the perspective of those affected and who perceive it as an affliction. Examples include cancer, birth defects, tornadoes, earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes, and other phenomena which inflict suffering with apparently no accompanying mitigating good.
The absence of good (Latin: privatio boni), also known as the privation theory of evil, [1] is a theological and philosophical doctrine that evil, unlike good, is insubstantial, so that thinking of it as an entity is misleading.
2) Ressentiment, as a personal disposition, has its genesis in negative psychic feelings and feeling states which most people experience as normal reactive responses to the demands of social life: [19] i.e., envy, jealousy, anger, hatred, spite, malice, joy over another's misfortune, mean spirited competition, etc. The objective sources of such ...
An influential theory of epistemic injustice is that of British philosopher Miranda Fricker, who coined the term in 1999. [2] According to Fricker, there are two kinds of epistemic injustice: testimonial injustice and hermeneutical injustice. [3] Related concepts include epistemic oppression and epistemic violence.
[3] In master morality, people define the good based on whether it benefits them and their pursuit of self-defined personal excellence. [ 4 ] : loc 1134, loc 1545 Insofar as something is helpful to the strong-willed man, it is like what he values in himself; therefore, the strong-willed man values such things as good because they aid him in a ...