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Single-ended signaling is less expensive to implement than differential, but it has a distinct disadvantage: a single-ended system requires a power supply voltage equal to the maximum amplitude of the signal to be received whereas a differential system only requires a voltage half of the signal amplitude to be received.
Contrary to popular belief, differential signalling does not affect noise cancellation. Balanced lines with differential receivers will reject noise regardless of whether the signal is differential or single-ended, [1] [2] but since balanced line noise rejection requires a differential receiver anyway, differential signalling is often used on balanced lines.
As noted above, it is possible to drive a balanced line with a single-ended signal and still maintain the line balance. This is represented in outline in figure 7. The amplifier driving one leg of the line through a resistor is assumed to be an ideal (that is, zero output impedance) single-ended output amp.
In parallel transmissions multiple data differential pairs carry several signals at once including a clock signal to synchronize the data. In serial communications, multiple single-ended signals are serialized into a single differential pair with a data rate equal to that of all the combined single-ended channels.
Since the differential device at the receiving end only responds to the difference in voltage between the two signal lines, noise that is identical on both wires is rejected. This method can be implemented with a differential amplifier. A transformer may also be used instead of an active input stage.
Differential TTL is used in preference to single-ended TTL for long-distance signaling. [4] In a long cable, stray electromagnetic fields in the environment, or stray currents in the system ground, can induce unwanted voltages that cause errors at the receiver. With a differential pair of wires, roughly the same unwanted voltage is induced in ...
Of those protocols listed, only RS-232 is single-ended with ground return, but it is a large signal, typically + and - 12V, all the others being differential. Differential signaling must use a balanced line to ensure that the signal does not radiate and that induced noise from a ground loop is a common-mode signal and can be removed at the ...
Cutaway view of an LVDT. Current is driven through the primary coil at A, causing an induction current to be generated through the secondary coils at B.. The linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) – also called linear variable displacement transformer, [1] linear variable displacement transducer, [2] or simply differential transformer [3] – is a type of electrical transformer [4 ...
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